Carborundum (SiC) is to use quartz arenaceous, oil is anxious (or coal is anxious) , wood chip is raw material to be become through smelt of resistor furnace high temperature. Carborundum also exists in nature infrequent mineral, mosangshi. Carborundum calls carbon silica again. Blame oxide hi-tech waits in contemporary C, N, B in fireproof raw material, carborundum is application the most extensive, most one kind of economy. Can call Jin Gang arenaceous or fireproof arenaceous.
Carborundum is to use quartz arenaceous, oil is anxious (or coal is anxious) , wood chip (the need when producing green carborundum adds salt) wait for raw material to be become in smelt of high temperature of the classics inside resistor furnace. The carborundum component that at present our country industry produces is black carborundum and green carborundum two kinds, all be 6 crystal, specific gravity is 3.2 ～ 3.25, microscopical hardness is 2840 ～ 3320kg/mm2.
Include black carborundum and green carborundum, among them: Black carborundum is with quartz arenaceous, oil is anxious it is main raw material with high grade silica, become through smelt of resistor furnace high temperature. Between Yu Gangyu of its hardness interpose and diamond, corundum of mechanical intensity prep above, the gender is fragile and sharp. Green carborundum is with oil anxious it is main raw material with high grade silica, add salt to serve as additive, become through smelt of resistor furnace high temperature. Between Yu Gangyu of its hardness interpose and diamond, corundum of mechanical intensity prep above.
Commonly used carborundum abrasive has two kinds to differ [the crystal of 1] , one kind is green carborundum, contain SiC 97% above, basically use at grinding hard alloy tool. Another kind is black carborundum, have metallic burnish, contain SiC
95% above, strength is greater than green carborundum, but hardness is inferior, basically use at grinding cast-iron with metalloid material.
Structural formula is SiC, between Yu Gangyu of its hardness interpose and diamond, corundum of mechanical intensity prep above, can use as abrasive and data of other and certain industry. Industrial carborundum developed a success 1891, it is the earliest man-made abrasive. Although have a few carborundum,exist in aerolite and lithosphere, but heretofore has not find the mine source that can lay mine.
1, abrasive- - because carborundum has very tall hardness,basically be, chemical stability and certain tenacity, so carborundum can be used at making solid knot grind to provide, besmear is added grind provide and freedom is abrade, will machine material of glass, pottery and porcelain, stone, cast-iron Ji Mou thereby some cutting tool of alloy of the metal that be not iron, hard alloy, titanium, high-speed steel and emery wheel.
2, fireproof material and anti-corrosive material---Because carborundum has high melting point,basically be (decompose degree) , chemical laziness and heatproof brace up quality, so carborundum can be used at grinding to provide, ceramic is firing a variety of carborundum such as material of the carborundum brick that furnace of distill of perpendicular crock of industry of zinc of the refractory slab with kiln useful furnace and saggar, refine uses, aluminous electrobath is line, crucible, small furnace ceramic.
3, chemical utility- - because carborundum can be in molten steel of dissolve be in harmony,be decomposed and leave reaction of oxide of oxygen, metal mediumly to generate with molten steel carbon monoxide and the slag that contain silicon. So it can regard smelt as steely clarifier, use as namely the deoxidizer of steel-making and cast-iron organization are improved agent. This uses the carborundum of low purity commonly, in order to reduce cost. Still can serve as the raw material that makes 4 chloridize silicon at the same time.
4, electrical engineering utility- - use as heating element, nonlinear resistor component and tall semiconductor material. Heating element is like silicon kryptol (all sorts of electric stove) that apply to 1500 ℃ of 1100 ～ to work, nonlinear resistor component, avoid variously thunder a powerful person piece.
5, other makes up the radiate outside Cheng Yuangong coating or make carborundum silicon board in desiccator of the radiate outside using Yuan Gong.
The application of carborundum brick:
1, chemical industry, metallurgy
Carborundum stuff is right molten iron, slaggy with alkali metal erode have fight force high, with the character of tall heat conduction and wear-resisting caustic. When smelt metal aluminium, copper and zinc, many also adoption all sorts of carborundum material serve as lining or crucible. In chemical industry, metallurgical industry, to make full use of the quantity of heat in all sorts of hot stove waste gas, often use warm-up of heat exchanger of pottery and porcelain all sorts of gas or liquid.
2, mechanical and sealed
As a result of temperature of car refrigeration system and pressure rise, requirement water pump has higher rate, shoulder higher load. One of main factors that improve water pump service life are mechanical and sealed problem.
3, industrial kiln furnace
The industry such as light industrial, building materials, electron uses all sorts of industrial kiln heat in great quantities, use the combination that different capable person pledges carborundum kiln is provided, can reduce kiln to have weight and the space that its occupy substantially, raise energy utilization rate, reduce worker labor intensity. Fight ripe concussion function exceedingly goodly as a result of 48 carborundum component at the same time, firing warm up speed can be accelerated.
4. nuclear energy is industrial carborundum composite material
Carborundum material has small neutron activation action (the radioactivity) below neutron action, low shutdown beyond is hot, low gas (particularly right nitrogen) permeability, the performance of high temperature machinery with superior together with, make its usable use structural data at nuclear power plant.
5, fireproof material
Abroad uses carborundum as the amount of fireproof material is more than use as abrasive. Our country also is enlarging the application of this respect ceaselessly, according to the habit of foreign manufacturer, normally cent is carborundum of fireproof material black 3 kinds of brands:
Black carborundum of advanced and A, fireproof material. The chemical composition requirement of this kind of brand and abrasive use black carborundum identical, main in order to makes advanced carborundum product, if component of recrystallization carborundum goods, gas turbine, nozzle, nitrogen changes silicon,combine carborundum to make, bearing of loading of kiln of kiln of component of furnace of kiln of material of line of division of blast furnace high temperature, high temperature, high temperature, fireproof saggar.
B, 2 class are fireproof material black carborundum, contain carborundum to be more than 90% . The kiln furnace component of high temperature waits in basically be being used at making to be able to bear or endure, wait like muffle lining material. These component divide the hear resistance that uses carborundum, thermal conductivity outside, still hold the chemical stability that uses it concurrently in a lot of circumstances.
C, low grade is fireproof material black carborundum, its carborundum content asks to be more than 83% , basically use at taphole chamfer, ladle, refine zinc line of business and sponge iron manufacturing industry the liner that wait.
The firebox that comprises together with carborundum brick and other data reachs spray head, already applied in rocketry. Carborundum base rocket tail spray pipe applies the Aliyana of composite material preparation successfully already. Carborundum density be placed in the middle, lighter than Al2O3 20% , hardness and stretch model volume are higher, the price is lower than B4C much, still can use at armor car and aircraft engine abdomen to reach ballproof the garment that prevent thorn. Carborundum material still is had self-lubricating gender and coefficient of friction are small, it is the half of hard alloy about. Good, stretch model measures its heatproof shake sex advanced characteristic wins application in a few special places, if use the laser illuminator that makes high power,copper of its function excel pledges, because density is low, rigid good, be out of shape small. CVD quantifies illuminator as gently as the carborundum of reaction agglomeration to a large number of use had been in in dimensional technique.
Use the property of tall thermal conductivity of carborundum pottery and porcelain, insulating properties is good regard large scale integration as circuit base piece and enclose material. Carborundum is calorific body is a kind of commonly used heating element, because it has an operation to go to the lavatory simply, service life is long, scope of application is wide wait for an advantage, in making calorific material most wear well and a good in quality and cheap in price kind, use temperature can amount to 1600 ℃ . In addition, carborundum still can use the system of a powerful person that makes lightning arrester and generator of far infrared ray to wait.
Caustic of the tall rigidity that utilizes carborundum brick, wear-resisting, acid-proof alkaline corrode wait for function, be used to in mechanical industry, chemical industry the mechanical and sealed material of preparation new generation, be like sliding bearing, anticorrosive conduit, a powerful person piece zephyr machine lamina. Already was gone up to think truly by international as mechanical and sealed material especially since metal, alumina, hard alloy the 4th acting basic material, its fight acid, fighting alkaline function and other data phase to compare is very outstanding, hardly a kind of material can be compared to it. Use the property of tall thermal conductivity of carborundum pottery and porcelain, the high temperature heat exchanger that can be used in furnace of metallurgical industry kiln, use temperature can amount to 1300 ℃ ; to use eletroplate method get on coating of body of carborundum small pink at hydraulic turbine impeller, can improve the wear-resisting performance of impeller greatly, lengthen its to overhaul cycle.
With the bearing roller that carborundum makes, apply successfully on rolling mill, it has better hear resistance and wearability than metallic bearing roller, can improve the quality of material of place steel rolling. The arenaceous pump that makes with carborundum material and hydraulic come back stream implement, the wear-resisting such as the cylinder bushing that has very good wear-resisting function; to be made with carborundum material can use extensively at the industry such as oil and chemical industry. Carborundum still can use data as expensive tepid machine, be by first selection thermomechanical high temperature resistant component. Such as: Nozzle of the static lamina of the firebox that makes high temperature light turbine, turbine, high temperature. Make piston and air cylinder apply mechanically do not have cooling diesel engine to go up at having lube with carborundum, can reduce attrition 30%~50% , make noise is reduced apparently.
Corundum renown carborundum (SiC) is to use quartz arenaceous, oil is anxious (or coal is anxious) , wood chip (the need when producing green carborundum adds salt) wait for raw material to pass smelt of resistor furnace high temperature and into. Carborundum also exists in nature infrequent mineral, mosangshi. Carborundum calls carbon silica again. Blame oxide hi-tech waits in contemporary C, N, B in fireproof raw material, carborundum is application the most extensive, most one kind of economy, can call Jin Gang arenaceous or fireproof arenaceous. The carborundum component that at present Chinese industry produces is black carborundum and green carborundum two kinds, all be 6 crystal, specific gravity is 3.2 ～ 3.25, microscopical hardness is 2840 ～ 3320kg/mm2.
Carborundum goods has shake of high temperature resistant, wear-resisting, heat-resisting, be able to bear or endure chemistry is corroded, anti-radiant the special function such as the conductivity that He Jie gives, thermal conductivity, be in consequently national economy has extensive use in departmental door. Be in our country, green carborundum is principal with make abrasive. Black carborundum is used at making to grind, multi-purpose mix at dissectioning abrade fight Zhang Jiang to spend low data, wait like glass, pottery and porcelain, stone and fireproof content, also use at the grinding of cast-iron spare parts and nonferrous metal data together. Green carborundum makes grind, multi-purpose the grinding at alloy of hard alloy, titanium, optical glass, also use at the essence of the honing of cylinder bushing and high-speed steel cutting tool to grind together. Cubic carborundum grinds those who provide special Yu Wei bearing to exceed essence of life to grind. With eletroplate method get on coating of carborundum small pink at hydraulic turbine impeller, the wearability; that can raise impeller greatly uses mechanical pressure to press small pink of cubic SiC200 date crocus and W28 the cylinder wall of internal-combustion engine to go up, can lengthen cylinder body birthday to count one times above.
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