According to firebrick composition different, its can be divided it is 5 kinds big, namely: The firebrick of silicon aluminium department, basic set firebrick, firebrick that contain carbon, firebrick that contain zirconium, adiabatic firebrick.
1, silicon aluminium fastens firebrick to basically include the following kinds.
(One) silica brick, it is the main breed of acidity firebrick. It basically is used at build by laying bricks or stones to build Jiao Lu, the vault of the heat of hot project kiln that also is used at furnace of to calcine of element of all sorts of glass, pottery and porcelain, charcoal, firebrick and other bearing place, bearing in the high temperature of hot-blast stove place also is used, but unfavorable it is under 600 ℃ and temperature wave motion is used in large hot project facility.
(2) argillaceous brick, it is boiler of blast furnace, hot-blast stove, heating furnace, motivation, limekiln, rotary kiln, pottery and porcelain and firebrick firing the firebrick that kiln middling uses.
(3) tall aluminous firebrick, the mineral composition of tall aluminous firebrick is corundum, Molaishi and vitreous photograph. Raw material is tall aluminous alumina and silicon line stone kind natural ore, also mix into adds Mo Laishi of alumina of electric frit corundum, agglomeration, synthesis, and the grog that presses different scale to calcine with alumina and clay. It is multi-purpose agglomeration law production. But the product still has founding brick, frit bead brick, do not bake bricks and indeterminate form firebrick. Tall aluminous firebrick is used extensively at industry of iron and steel industry, nonferrous metal and other industry.
(4) corundum firebrick, with a kind of firebrick that corundum gives priority to those who want content look, can divide for brick of agglomeration corundum brick and electric frit corundum.
2, basic set firebrick. Main breed has the following kinds.
(One) magnesian qualitative firebrick, its product component is metallurgy magnesia and magnesian simple product two kinds big. Those who depend on chemical composition and utility is different, breed of etc of brick of magnesia of Ding Sha having a horse, common metallurgy, common magnesia brick, magnesian silica brick, magnalium, magnesian calcic brick, magnesian carbon brick. Magnesian qualitative firebrick is the mainest product in alkalescent firebrick, fireproof degree tall, have very good repellency to basic slag and iron broken bits, it is a kind of important advanced firebrick. Basically use at converter of open-hearth furnace, oxygen, electric stove and nonferrous metal fusion to wait.
(2) dolomite brick, it is a kind of when produce as main raw material with dolomite alkalescent firebrick. Use extensively at alkalescent converter, return the liner that can wrap with the fine outside making certain oven.
(3) magnesian olivine firebrick, it is a kind of firebrick that serves as main composition with magnesian olivine 2MgO·SiO2. Basically use brick, heating furnace with checker brick of regenerator of Yu Ping furnace, ingot casting hearth and the use effect with also have better in refine copper furnace.
3, the firebrick that contain carbon. Main component is the following kinds.
(One) carbolic brick, it is with carbon simple stuff is main raw material, what affiliation right amount bond makes is high temperature resistant neuter firebrick goods. Carbolic brick is applied extensively at build by laying bricks or stones to build blast furnace hearth, crucible, bosh and shaft bottom. Can increase the time of activity in series of blast furnace, prolong service life. In addition, carbolic brick is used extensively still at electrochemistry industry, chemical industry, petrochemical industry, eletroplate furnace of industry of industry, ferroalloy (or the liner of equipment) , line of chamfer of acerbity fluid, lye and pipeline, and fusion nonferrous metal (wait like lead, aluminous, stannum) lining.
(2) black lead is qualitative refractory products, be it is raw material with natural black lead, make the fireproof material that bond makes with clay. This kind of goods has crucible of black lead clay, retort, cast steel to use brick of head of a place of strategic importance, water mouth brick to reach brick of line of bucket flourishing steel to wait. Produce the crucible of black lead clay that most, application is the widest is steel-making and fusion nonferrous metal among them.
(3) carborundum is fireproof goods, be with carborundum (the advanced and fireproof material that SiC) produces for raw material. Its wearability and corrosion resistance are good, high temperature strength is great, thermal conductance is tall, linear expansion coefficient is small, heatproof shake sex is good. In steely smelt respect, it can use Yu Chenggang anhydrous of chamfer of hearth of head of mouth of bucket liner, water, a place of strategic importance, blast furnace and bosh, taphole, converter and mouth of electric stove tapping, heating furnace is cold the respect such as slippery course. In nonferrous metal (zinc, copper, aluminium) in smelt, a large number of at conduit of metal of side wall of tray of tower of alembic, rectify, electrobath, melt using, suck send metal of pump and fusion crucible etc. In silicate industry, it uses as in great quantities the refractory slab of all sorts of kiln furnace and the material that lie between blaze, wait like muffle liner and saggar. In chemical industry, multi-purpose change at furnace of to calcine of oil gas generator, organic waste material, petroleum gas implement wait for a respect with desulphurization furnace. In addition, can use as on dimensional technique rocket spray pipe and high temperature light gas turbine lamina to wait.
4, the firebrick that contain zirconium. Basically have the following kinds of classification.
(One) zirconium stone brick, zirconium stone pledges firebrick has tall repellency to acid slag and glass, use extensively still at fusion consequently the serious damage place of the vitreous kiln of the most lively glass. The oxide that simple fireproof stuff still has zirconium stone to not be metallic aluminium, aluminium reachs his the property of slaggy penetration, also achieved favorable result on the hearth of refine aluminium consequently.
(2) brick of AZS report frit, also call brick of corundum of electric frit zirconium, as the development of vitreous industry, the crucial place that brick of AZS report frit already became vitreous kiln furnace must fireproof material. The aggressivity of fluid of its resistance glass is stronger.
(3) AZS again brick of agglomeration report frit, the characteristic of this kinds of brick is crystal structure compact, loading bate temperature is high, heatproof shake sex is good, mechanical intensity is high below normal temperature and high temperature, wearability is good, thermal conductance is good, and have admirable resistance slaggy erodent ability. The use of this kinds of goods is more extensive, a material that is used at furnace of metallurgy heating furnace, soaking, calcium carbide furnace mouth, wall of kiln of vitreous frit kiln, use effect is very good.
5, adiabatic firebrick. It includes the following kinds of classification.
(One) tall aluminous adiabatic light qualitative firebrick. Tall aluminous qualitative adiabatic light qualitative firebrick can be used at build by laying bricks or stones to build thermal insulation and erode without stock of melt of intense high temperature reach erode the place of action. When be being contacted with blaze directly, the temperature of watch surface contact of general tall aluminous qualitative adiabatic firebrick does not get prep above 1350 ℃ . Mo Laishi pledges adiabatic firebrick can contact blaze directly, have high temperature resistant, intensity is high, energy-saving effect is distinct wait for a characteristic. Apply to roller of the furnace that heat up solution, hot-blast stove, pottery and porcelain kiln of drawer of porcelain of path kiln, report and the liner of all sorts of resistor furnace.
(2) stick earthy and adiabatic light qualitative firebrick, it is the AL2O3 content that controls for main raw material with saggar is 30% ～ the adiabatic firebrick of 48% . Its produce craft to use burn oneself out to impose person doctrine and bubble standard. With saggar, float bead, saggar grog makes raw material, mix into is added bond and curium wood chip, classics burden, mix, shape, dry, firing, make so that bulk density is 0. 3 ～ 1. The product of 5g/cm3.
(3) diatomite heat insolation pledges gently firebrick, it is the adiabatic and fireproof product that makes for main raw material with diatomite. It basically is used in the thermal insulation under 900 ℃ .
(4) bleach bead brick, be in order to float bead the adiabatic and fireproof product that makes for main raw material. Float bead it is the siliceous aluminium that singles out from the float in fly ash of heat and power plant qualitative glass is hollow bead body. Its body light, wall thin, hollow, surface smooth, high temperature resistant, heat proof quality is good. Use float bead these good character, can make the light qualitative adiabatic and fireproof material with a heat preservation superior performance. Production bleachs bead brick to be able to use half dry process.
One, analyse from raw material
Firebrick produces production place to use raw material is natural ore commonly, the firebrick of the different property that after the raw material classics such as the alumina that be like aluminium, silica, magnesite is machined, be made and becomes, if aluminous silicon fastens firebrick, silicon,qualitative firebrick and Zuo pledge firebrick 3 kinds of sort.
Its main when the aluminous silicon that should choose aluminous alumina to be produced for raw material fastens firebrick ingredient is alumina, the department contains the hydration alumina of foreign matter, it is record of a kind of land mineral, not dissolve at water, can dissolve changes sodium solution at vitriolic, oxyhydrogen. Main use is used at refine aluminium, and make fireproof material, because of tall aluminous aluminous grog fireproof degree be as high as 1780 ℃ , chemical stability performance of strong, physics is good. Produce aluminous alumina through high temperature extract content of a kind of alumina is more than the corundum of 90% advocate brilliant photograph can produce firebrick of high temperature of favorable balance of trade brick of corundum of electric frit zirconium.
The raw material that makes silicon qualitative firebrick is SiO2 for silica bases among them content is higher, fireproof degree taller also. The most harmful impurity is AL2O3, K2O, Na2o wait, of silica brick making is it is raw material with natural silica, adscititious and right amount mineralizer, in order to promote the quartz in base substrate quartz of translate into, scale. Classics 1350~1430 ℃ falls in reducing atmosphere slow and firing. Have higher high temperature strength. Loading bate temperature is in 1620 ℃ .
Magnesite is the main raw material of qualitative firebrick of the Zuo that make, its are basic composition is MgO, magnesian have height fireproof insulation property. Can transform via calcination of high temperature of 1000 ℃ above for crystal, rise to become agglomeration magnesia to 1500—2000 ℃ , next classics is broken to magnesia brick can be made after certain size or powder or Zuo pounds dozen of makings character, Zuo pledges firebrick belongs to alkalescent firebrick, right alkalescent and slaggy have stronger resistance can enemy, but cannot fight acid slag erode, fireproof degree in 2000 ℃ above, dan Jihe weighs softening point to have 1500 ℃ only, thermal shock stability is poorer.
2, belong to inorganic metalloid material
Inorganic metalloid material and material of organic high polymer and metallic stuff are paratactic for 3 old stuff, the characteristic of stuff of metal of common and inorganic cent is: Compression intensity tall, hardness is big, high temperature resistant, fight corrode, in addition pottery and porcelain is in be able to bear or endure corrode, fireproof material has its exceedingly good character on the heat proof quality that prevent heat these are to be metallic stuff and place of high polymer stuff to cannot be compared. But compare with metallic stuff phase, it combats strength low, lack extend a gender. Compare with phase of high polymer data, density is bigger workmanship is complex.
3, shape reach agglomeration
Firebrick production technology is a course mineral smash — raw material mixes refine — mechanism to shape the process with — firing high temperature yields finally the product of a kind of counteractive high temperature, among them base substrate is met in the firing temperature that passes kiln of high temperature channel prep above average firing temperature is in the loading bate temperature of its product 1500 ℃ above. Fireproof degree in 1770 ℃ above. It is better to fight high temperature sex. Firebrick basically is used at build by laying bricks or stones to build furnace of circumgyrate of forge of steel-making electric stove, glass, cement to wait for kiln furnace liner.
Firebrick can resist 3 reason of high temperature basically are relied on at, what ① firebrick uses raw material mineral fireproof degree tall. The high temperature temperature that the base substrate of finished product of administrative levels ③ that ② decided to its are used from the administrative levels of raw material as inorganic metalloid material passes 1500 ℃ above in kiln of high temperature channel so firebrick can resist high temperature suits to be used at liner of furnace of high temperature kiln
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