In igneous law smelt, fireproof material service life is a main production target, affecting cost of rate of exercise of body of heater, production badly. The use environment of fireproof material asks its can resist of the attaint of the harm of temperature, thermal stress and medium corrode. Accordingly, choose appropriate firebrick, prolong firebrick life, manufacture efficiency to rising, reduce manufacturing cost to having crucial effect.
1, the sort of firebrick
Current, the classified pattern with fireproof familiar material is chemical composition classification, can divide for silica, aluminous silicate, magnesium qualitative, dolomite pledges and carbon is compound wait for fireproof material.
1.1 silica are fireproof material
Silica is fireproof material is it is bases with SiO₂ , siO₂ quality mark is not less than the fireproof material of 93% , can be boarding, also can feel errant form is fireproof material. This are fireproof material has softening point of thermal conductance, loading tall, fight acid slag to erode ability to wait for an advantage by force, but big drawback is heatproof shake stability low. Accordingly, this are fireproof material basically uses as the structural material that etc of furnace of kiln of frit of Jiao Lu, glass, acidity steel-making heats up labor facilities.
1.2 aluminous silicate are fireproof material
Aluminous silicate is fireproof material is the fireproof material that is bases with AI₂O₃ and SiO₂ . By fireproof material medium AI₂O₃ content differs can divide pledge for half silicon (quality mark 15%~30%) , clay is qualitative (quality mark 30%~48%) and tall aluminium are qualitative (quality mark > 48%) is fireproof material. This are fireproof material has quality performance of light, thermal stability, heat preservation is good wait for an advantage, but its begin to be out of shape temperature 1400 ℃ . Accordingly, aluminous silicate is fireproof material uses as commonly in metallurgy industry insulation material, need not at working layer.
1.3 magnesian simple fireproof stuff
Magnesian simple fireproof stuff is with Fang Mei stone gives priority to brilliant photograph, mgO quality mark is more than the fireproof material of 80% . Suffer the effect of composition of magnesian qualitative raw material, main constituent is magnesian simple fireproof stuff MgO, FeO, Fe₂O₃ , AI₂O₃ , SiO₂ , CaO, Cr₂O₃ . The melting point of MgO is as high as 2800 ℃ , of magnesian simple fireproof stuff fireproof degree achieve 2000 ℃ , because this magnesium pledges,fireproof material is had good high temperature resistant function. Magnesian simple fireproof stuff includes magnesia brick, magnesian olivine to pledge pointed spar of fireproof material, magnalium pledges fireproof material, magnesian chromium pledges fireproof material, Bai Yushi pledges fireproof material. Among them, magnesian chromic qualitative fireproof material is made by magnesia and chromite, and be main constituent with magnesia. Compare with photograph of traditional magnesia brick, thermal stability of magnesian chromic simple fireproof stuff is stronger, apply extensively at coloured smelting furnace. But because 6 price are chromic,have serious harm to environment and human body health, can cause serious pollution to water especially, in be being produced accordingly and making a process, need to control alkalescent medium and oxygen cent strictly to press.
1.4 dolomite are qualitative fireproof material
Dolomite pledges fireproof material is it is main raw material with dolomite, mgO and CaO are the alkalescent and fireproof material of bases, among them the quality mark of CaO is 40%~60% , magnesian quality mark is 30%~40% . The fireproof temperature of simple fireproof stuff is in dolomite 1780 ℃ above, 0.2MPa loading bate begins temperature to be 1550 ℃ , this shows, its have stability of better high temperature. Dolomite pledges fireproof material belongs to strong alkalescent and fireproof data, have the stronger sex that fight broken bits to basic slag, but poorer to the sex fighting broken bits of acid slag. Accordingly, this are fireproof material basically is used at open-hearth furnace boiler setting and hearth, rotary kiln firing the belt.
1.5 carbon are compound and fireproof material
Compound and fireproof material also calls carbon contain carbon fireproof material, be with two plant or the fireproof oxide with two kinds of not congenial above (MgO, CaO, Al₂O₃ , ZrO₂ ) reach blame oxide material to be raw material with carbolic element material, a kind of heterogeneous that material of the element that use carbon serves as bond and makes is compound and fireproof material. Carbon is compound and fireproof of material fireproof degree of tall, thermal conductivity and conductivity all good, loading is out of shape temperature and high temperature strength are superior, the sex that fight broken bits and heatproof shake sex are better than other and fireproof material, but the drawback that this kind of goods has easy oxidation. Accordingly, this are fireproof material basically is used at the steel such as smelt stainless steel, pure steel and low sulfur steel to plant domain.
2, side-blown furnace is fireproof the choice of material
Brief introduction of 2.1 side-blown furnace
Side-blown furnace is the smelt equipment that produces blister copper, oxygen boosting air passes a setting to beat heat in 1 a place with a draught of division of broken bits line inside, reaction has below high temperature action, blister copper sinks bath bottom, discharge electric stove, upside of pool of Yu Rong of slag criterion assemble, discharge electric stove through overflow, reaction flue gas discharges boiler technology vital energy from flue
Structure of side-blown furnace body of heater uses stationary rectangle furnace, cover by cupreous water, fireproof material and steel structure are combined and become. Cent of from bottom to top of body of heater is crucible, shaft, roof and flue 4 parts. The crucible of the blister copper that is used at storing reaction arises and broken bits is built by firebrick build by laying bricks or stones and become, crucible carries a ministry to install broken bits room to undertake cupreous broken bits departs. Shaft is divided again for response division and flue gas area, response division is covered by cupreous water and 1 times blast tuyere is comprised, flue gas area by facilitate water covers the copper opening slot of the protection that hang broken bits to be comprised with 2 a place with a draught. Reaction flue gas covers exhaust opening eduction of composition by water, enter flue. Flue space size undertakes business accounting according to flue gas velocity of flow, make sure flue gas is inside flue above of retention period 2s. The reaction area with side-blown main furnace belongs to cupreous water to cover protective position, fireproof stuff use place basically is to be in room of crucible, broken bits and flue, specific area detailed sees a picture 1.
Graph room of 1 crucible, broken bits and flue area
2.2 side-blown furnace is fireproof the choice of material composition
Work by side-blown furnace the principle is knowable, room of side-blown furnace crucible, broken bits can get of fuse-element erode and erode, flue can suffer what a few slaggy gush to irrigate are eroded and contain dirt flue gas to erode. It is normal to be in below furnace condition, the temperature of these 3 area is 1100~1300 ℃ ; but furnace condition does not stabilize a circumstance to fall, the temperature of these 3 area can amount to 1400 ℃ above. In producing a course actually, side-blown furnace needs to offer oxygen boosting 1 times wind and 2 wind, be in local form strong oxidation atmosphere, accordingly side-blown furnace should choose the firebrick that is oxidized not easily. Slaggy bases is FeO, SiO₂ , CaO, AI₂O₃ , fireproof material can participate in expensive aluminous simple fireproof stuff and silica slagging, do not suit side-blown furnace to use. Accordingly, fireproof material need has side-blown stove high temperature resistant, thermal stability strong, loading is out of shape temperature compression intensity is tall, high, fight the oxidisability, characteristic that does not share slagging. Integrate the character of fireproof material, side-blown furnace should choose magnesian simple fireproof stuff. The content of the Cr₂O₃ in magnesian simple fireproof stuff adds what can improve data to fight broken bits aggressivity, the magnesian chromium with the higher content of firebrick choice Cr₂O₃ because of room of crucible of this side-blown furnace, broken bits and flue is qualitative fireproof material.
Fireproof material combines 2.3 side-blown furnace formal choice
Of the combinative form according to magnesian chromic simple fireproof stuff different, include the magnesian chromium such as direct union, half recombine, electric frit recombine simple fireproof stuff. Among them, combining magnesian chromic qualitative fireproof material directly is with high pure agglomeration magnesia and chromite are raw material, electric frit magnesia and chromic mine half recombine of direct agglomeration; is magnesian chromic simple fireproof stuff is with electric frit magnesium chromium is arenaceous make belong to bead, join partial chromic mine and magnesia or agglomeration to synthesize magnesian chromium to expect fine pink, high temperature agglomeration and into recombine of; report frit magnesian chromium pledges fireproof material is will chromic mine and electric frit magnesia in frit of the report in electric stove, make electric frit magnesian chromium is arenaceous, again high temperature agglomeration and into. Character of material of 3 kinds of magnesian chromic qualitative firebrick is comparative, see a table 1.
Express 1 3 kind character of magnesian chromic simple fireproof stuff is comparative
By the watch 1 knowable, electric frit recombine is magnesian the performance of chromic simple fireproof stuff is good, half recombine magnesium is chromic the function take second place of simple fireproof stuff. Room of the crucible inside combinative side-blown furnace, broken bits and flue area are right circumstance of fireproof material loss, area of room of crucible, broken bits, flue uses half recombine, electric frit recombine, direct band respectively magnesian chromium is qualitative fireproof material.
2.4 side-blown furnace is fireproof material chemistry composition and physical function index
Composition of afore-mentioned chemistry of 3 kinds of magnesian chromic simple fireproof stuff and physical function index, see a table 2.
Express 2 3 kind composition of chemistry of magnesian chromic simple fireproof stuff and physical function index
3, epilogue
Fireproof material service life is affecting production to exercise is led and produce cost directly, need the working environment that is aimed at different area, choose appropriate fireproof material sort and combinative way, this is the significant step that improves fireproof material service life.
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