Domestic population is numerous, produce many life rubbish everyday, and compare with photograph of foreign developed country, degree of classification of our country rubbish is inferior. Rubbish is characteristic (content sex, calorific value, moisture content) because district sex climate and habits and customs are different difference is bigger, and as people standard of living rises and the city changes a process to accelerate, the constituent of rubbish also change of happening of year after year. Our country rubbish burns industry relatively abroad starts late, liner is fireproof data design is main in order to introduce, digest give priority to, had not built the data system that accords with our country furnace to discharge furnace to use a requirement. Current, incinerator of our country rubbish because liner heat insolation, wear-resisting, be able to bear or endure those who eat stuff choose undeserved and frequent cause accident stopping furnace, affected the movement of rubbish incinerator badly to lead, caused a large number of rubbish dump to accumulate, posed a series of societies and problem of the people's livelihood.
1. city life rubbish is harmless turn processing current situation
Of urban rubbish harmless change, decrease a look to turn the issue that already became government and public to care very much. Center to the city ceaselessly as the rapid development of our country economy and population, the city changes a process to accelerate and amount and dimensions expand ceaselessly, gross of city life rubbish lasts grow in quantity. Come nearly ten years, rubbish of our country city is harmless change processing from do not have have, harmless change processing rate to also grow in year after year (see a picture 1) .
2. zinc oxide volatilizes kiln is used at the processing to zincic soak broken bits
Volatilize rotary kiln craft is in my company is new technology, new facility, its characteristic is equipment big, equipment handles ability degree of big, automation quality of tall, product is stabler, but total investment is large. The system controls appearance except the part outside, use homebred device entirely. Volatilize automatic or semi-automatic control is used in great quantities in kiln system, below the premise of managing investment, reduced jockey labor intensity greatly. Whole system is home's at present advanced volatilization system of broken bits of soak of kiln processing zinc.
Sketch map 1-2
As people living standard rise, the calorific value of life rubbish is increased gradually. The tradition is filled bury what handle way with compost to decrease difference of the look, effect that reduce an amount, already cannot get used to need; And burn law reduces a facial expression as a result of its, decreased generous advantage to get developing quickly. In recent years the processing means of rubbish of our country city by at first sanitation is filled bury a law to transform gradually to burn law, what its occupy proportion year after year to increase (see a picture 2) .
The mainstream technology that rubbish handles, the city that develop is compared in economy, rubbish burns the factory is more, rubbish burns generated electricity to enter rapid development phase in our country. If the graph is shown 3 times, up to Feburary 2019, our country (do not contain port, bay, mesa area) the life rubbish that moving burns plant measure already achieved 418, still 167 are being built, among them, mechanical furnace discharges furnace to occupy 80 ％ above.
Sketch map 3
Characteristic of technique of heat of platoon of 2. mechanical furnace reachs pair of fireproof material requirements
Life rubbish burns is very complex physico-chemical reaction process, normally but will burn process cent is dry, pyrolysis, combustion 3 phase. Incinerator can divide discharge type, fluid-bed type for mechanical furnace, rotate type, among them, incinerator of type of mechanical furnace platoon is the mainstream equipment of large rubbish incinerator. This kinds of furnace it is mature that the advantage depends on a technology, moving stability, the quantity of grey broken bits of generation is relatively little, slag hot bright is decreased rate is low, adaptability is wide, majority solid rubbish does not need any pretreatment to be able to enter furnace combustion directly. Current, the day of the Martin that the mechanical furnace of domestic and international main application discharges type incinerator technology to have Germany, Japan establishs shipbuilding, Belgian Xigesi to wait. If the graph is shown 4 times,mechanical furnace discharges type incinerator sketch map.
Sketch map 4
Rubbish is the heterogeneity mixture of different composition, its type, amount and calorific value also have very big different. For this, the manage of fireproof material turns liner the requirement that level differs during function should get used to an operation. The working temperature of rubbish incinerator does not exceed ℃ of 1 200 commonly, but the gas of the generation when burning (if HCl, SO2, Cl2, CO reachs alkali metal gas,wait) to fireproof material erode stronger. In the meantime, rubbish is certain to incinerator in high temperature shift place (like hearth, fall makings mouth and side wall) wear away and thermal shock is bigger. Consequently, requirement incinerator has the following characteristic with fireproof material:
1) high strenth and good wearability, with counteractive solid stock wear away and heat up air current erode; 2) good bulk stability and corrosion resistance, with material of the acid inside counteractive furnace corrode; 3) good heatproof shake sex, the metabolic to material destruction with counteractive furnace temperature; 4) fight CO goodly to erode ability, burst apart in order to avoid because of CO is eroded and causing lining; 5) good high temperature strength and heat-resisting, adiabatic sex.
Furnace of platoon of 3. mechanical furnace is fireproof material application current situation
Incinerator of platoon type rubbish divides mechanical furnace to be mixed for area of dry section, combustion area burning ashes, can divide according to the use position of fireproof material enter makings mouth area, furnace to discharge side wall for rubbish pusher, before arch, hind arch, roof and cuttings pick-up mouth. The temperature that these area lining place suffer, mechanical intensity is amiable atmosphere is not identical, need chooses relevant fireproof data according to respective operating mode characteristic.
The wall mars rubbish incinerator the form basically includes thermal stress to cause boiler setting structure to destroy and rubbish is the mechanical wear of fireproof to boiler setting material, adherent, permeate and erode etc.
Structure of 3.1 boiler setting is destroyed
Different burn level, craft temperature difference is bigger, be heated of each paragraphs of boiler setting is inhomogenous. Among them, burn paragraph it is temperature higher area, basically be cold boiler setting of zephyr of adiabatic boiler setting two kinds of structures, it is apparently good that the stability of wind cold boiler setting wants at adiabatic boiler setting. But no matter which are planted structure, enlist in army after time is longer, all can appear bosomy bag is raised. Graph 5 (A) it is the boiler setting after adiabatic boiler setting enlists in army for some time clear picture bosomy a bag, central area convexity achieves 200 Mm above. Graph 5 (B) show gave boiler setting to enlist in army the wind cold boiler setting in the process, ply of interlining of air of leftover wind cold boiler setting is expanded by the 60 Mm of the design for 120 Mm.
Sketch map 5
Incinerator runs be heated of the boiler setting in the process, inside boiler setting, outside temperature existence difference. The temperature that imitate of boiler setting firebrick analyses distributings cloud atlas is shown 6 times like the graph, the carbonization silica brick that makes boiler setting arrives by interior the temperature gradient with exterior larger presence. What the expansion ratio that the difference of working surface and non-working surface temperature makes firebrick arises to igneous face carries igneous face on the back is big. In the meantime, temperature of boiler setting of different combustion area distributings inside incinerator not all, make boiler setting is in the position with higher temperature expands the amount is larger. Because boiler setting accepts the obligation of dimension of body of heater, make whole boiler setting produces greater internal stress, the internal stress that the area with higher temperature produces is greater, this brings about boiler setting of high temperature area to have to the raised, rouses a bag trend inside furnace. Boiler setting is bosomy bag, raised still control with temperature of excess load operation, craft, have frequency stopping furnace second, operation level and boiler setting design are concerned.
Sketch map 6
Be out of shape when boiler setting to furnace inside raised when, the brick that help firm pulls stress to boiler setting generation, have the effect of stable boiler setting. If pull firmware to be out of shape, rupture, the force that help firm is abate, the boiler setting abidance in this kind of thermal stress arises gradually below action be out of shape. Different area boiler setting removes degree to differ to the protruding inside furnace, serious place may produce a collapse.
3.2 rubbish are marred to what fireproof material action causes
The calorific value of life rubbish inferior, part is complex, very easy in the process that burn generation accumulates ash, wear away, corrode wait for a problem, move to the safety of incinerator, stability cause adverse effect. The composition of city life rubbish and city change rate relevant, the city that the more economy developeds, the combustible in urban rubbish and can pile corrupt content place to hold proportion taller. The life rubbish of our country has calorific value low, constituent is complex wait for a characteristic, burning the element that equipment of a lot of influences exists to move in the process. Incinerator liner is fireproof of material marring is the broken bits earth in life rubbish and nugget above all the mechanical wear to lining, it is slag next the mechanical wear to fireproof material liner, adhere to and erode. The oxide that basically waits for composition by K, Na, Al, Ca, Si and chloride make the flying ash of rubbish incinerator. Fireproof material basically comprises incinerator liner for Al2 O3, SiO2, place differs inside incinerator, slag is right of fireproof material erode mar degree existence difference.
(1) enter makings mouth, dry paragraph of mechanical wear that waits for place
The mechanical wear that incinerator enters next makings mouth, makings platform and bottom of incinerator side wall to contact rubbish place directly is serious (see a picture 7) . Into makings mouth, dry paragraph of temperature that waits for place of direct contact rubbish do not exceed ℃ of 1 000, common alumina is fireproof and pouring makings wearability cannot satisfy use requirement.
Sketch map 7
(2) before, hind arch area flying ash adheres to the knot is anxious
Rubbish formed a large number of flying ash in combustion process, series preconceived idea expresses its chemistry 1
Signal is expressed 1
Fireproof material contacts the flying ash of melt and around arch liner, produce position of the arch after reaction is adherent and advanced. Flying ash adheres to on boiler setting the process that existence differs twice: At first deposit process is initiative and deposit layer fashion a process. Initiative and deposit layer is the alkali metal with chemical taller active kind with alkaline-earth metal kind the thin grey layer that sulfate forms, it by dimension very little grey grain is comprised. Initiative and deposit layer has good heat proof quality, its formation makes temperature of furnace cliff face elevatory. Again deposit process is bigger grey bead on the initiative and deposit layer that pounds boiler setting below force action (inertial deposit) , when initiative and deposit layer has stickiness, it can capture the grey grain of force transport, make mushroom of ply of broken bits layer. The ply of layer of grey broken bits is inhomogenous normally, it besides main the manage of character of temperature of character of motive force of position of the structure with the chamber of a stove or furnace, aflame heart, air, the chamber of a stove or furnace and rubbish changes property to concern outside, still have particular concern with fireproof material composition. If fly,ash clears cause flying ash not in time adherent knot anxious heavy panel, fireproof material meets boiler setting happen below the action of anxious layer gravity be out of shape cave in, the safety that affects incinerator badly moves.
(3) melt of grey broken bits of 2 combustion area and erode
Exit of incinerator flue gas is combustion area 2, liner of 2 combustion area is fireproof the bases of material is Al2 O3 content normally it is 80 ％ about (W) corundum - Molaishi is pouring makings, its advocate brilliant photograph is corundum and Molaishi. Temperature of flue gas of flaming of oxygen boosting of 2 combustion area can be as high as 1 400 ℃ , flying ash is formed after this area melt slaggy and adherent in fireproof material surface, these are slaggy with fireproof material reaction makes thing of low melting point. The content of low melting point of these melt condition is contained very easily by high speed dirt flue gas erodes wear away, bring about fireproof material to chase a reaction, erode, decrease thin, burn in order to cause combustion district board 2 times red and be forced to stop furnace. The main reason that brings about melt of combustion area flying ash 2 times to form high temperature to erode has: 1) year after year of stock calorific value is elevatory cause furnace temperature to lift; 2) 2 times with each incinerator combustion area flue gas exports design dimension to concern, for example operating mode of area of 2 fourth furnace of 3 peaks horse combustion is opposite better, design of area of 2 Ba Gaoke furnace combustion shrinks the mouth is lesser, flying ash melt and erode to fireproof material serious; 3) related to moving craft, ministry incinerator adheres to to reduce flying ash degree, reduce grey number of Qing Dynasty stopping furnace, adjust craft enkindle move after the area, make 2 times field of combustion area temperature and stream all produce a change.
Sketch map 8
Graph 8 it is the corundum after combustion area is used 2 - Molaishi is pouring photograph of makings incomplete line and each XRD a collection of illustrative plates. The analysis makes clear, reaction layer, permeated a layer to form a few feldspathic kind of mineral photograph. Below operating condition, feldspathic kind of mineral melting point is inferior, high temperature is melt condition, slaggy the content of low melting point that forms with fireproof data reaction dissolves in Xiang Rong broken bits, be contained by high speed gradually dirt flue gas erodes, cause liner eventually fireproof material is ground to wear.
(4) water-cooling wall is fireproof material flakes
Incinerator more than heat generates electricity 110mm of ～ of 70 of ply of configuration of boiler water-cooling wall is fireproof but plastic pouring perhaps makings, the fireproof material beyond end panel of head of occurrence pin of the meeting after using is statified fall off, fall off there is tiny flaw near area. According to the graph 9 show simulation of stress of water-cooling furnace wall the analysis is knowable, high temperature below, the heat of metallic anchorage firmware expands those who be more than fireproof material, in fireproof material and stress of metallic pin interface larger area, a large number of pin are collective action makes fireproof material generation statified, bring about fireproof material to fall off.
Sketch map 9
4. rubbish burns face a situation with fireproof material
Our country has more than 300 furnace to discharge type life rubbish to burn at present project, have more than 1000 incinerator about and size is differ, furnace various. Problem of individuation of program of fireproof data design highlights furnace of mechanical furnace platoon, firebrick design difference is bigger, much person amount to about a hundred kinds of brick model, and cannot exchange use, cause production cost is high, cycle is long.
Output of our country rubbish grows, calorific value year after year is elevatory, rubbish incinerator is large change imperative, accordingly, new furnace platoon stove burns technical development is rapid. Wave motion of incinerator rubbish calorific value and processing capability are increased, new series issue appears in bringing about fireproof material to use a process. In recent years, design of structure of furnace of new-style furnace platoon is innovating ceaselessly, design of very much heavy-duty and adiabatic incinerator comes by adiabatic the chamber of a stove or furnace gradually wind cold boiler setting transforms to water-cooling boiler setting again. Current, day handles incinerator of structure of wall of 850 T large water-cooling to be in the southern region with rubbish relatively stable calorific value to be started in succession. New-style and large change burn the technology gave research of fireproof data design, product and construction technology to offer new task.
Change according to sending appoint of print and distribute " " 935 " rubbish of countrywide town life is harmless change processing facilities to build a program " , rubbish burns the place in means is handled to occupy scale to will rise by the 31 ％ 2015 in rubbish of countrywide town life to the 54 ％ 2020. In recent years, the two-tier force as national policy allowance and profit of tremendous market prise is driven, let more and more market strength begin to gather in rubbish to burn generate electricity in the industry, undertaking " can person set up a separatist regime by force of arms " the industry competes. Below this kind of circumstance, a lot of enterprises often are in " horse race encircles the ground " after taking an item, discharge in engineering operation, pollution wait for a respect to undertake jerry, in order to reduce cost, but the environmental benefit that can cause a project eventually sells at a discount greatly, this also includes to reduce fireproof data design and select material cost among them. On March 16, 2019, zoology environment ministry was announced " life rubbish burns the regulation that power plant monitors data automatically to be used at environmental management (try out) " , put forward to want to burn to rubbish of the enterprise amount to mark is discharged and high quality operation takes strong superintendency move. Blemish of design select material and environmental protection canal control pressure, make moving risk of stability of incinerator long cycle higher.
5. epilogue
The on the safe side of rubbish incinerator moves to depend on greatly the stability of fireproof material quality, reliable, depend on the reasonable design of fireproof material, select material and defend usefulness tall. Current, the fireproof material product that gives priority to with raw material of aluminous alumina, clay cannot satisfy incinerator large the operating mode need that change and worsens increasingly, incinerator also produced change gradually with the product structure of fireproof material. In the meantime, in national environmental protection the canal accuses severe with each passing day situation to fall, fireproof data industry is facing new opportunity and new challenge. In view of this, proposal rubbish incinerator considers to develop from the following direction with fireproof material: 1) incinerator of rubbish of type of perfect furnace platoon uses fireproof data system, structure of reasonable design boiler setting, increase boiler setting stability; 2) place of development incinerator key is fireproof material product, solve rubbish to wear away, flying ash is adherent, slaggy erode and flake wait for a problem badly; 3) research is wet spray, pump sends the application that waits for construction technology to go up in incinerator, improve construction efficiency, increase proportion of indeterminate form product at the same time; 4) after studying incinerator is used, discard technology of fireproof material recycle, implementation resource is used circularly.
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