Boiler is common problem
One, the problem in exercise
1. wear-resisting is pouring like expecting in the chamber of a stove or furnace close look area resembles Yu Lin, fall off, bare even pinhead, 105 Mm×210 Mm of the largest area.
Rising head of 2.U circumfluence a powerful person is put in a lot of Zhou Xiang crackle, the greatest flaw is 5mm about, the circumfluence between exit of U circumfluence a powerful person and the chamber of a stove or furnace is in charge of metalloid compensator local combustion, produce grey trough.
Flue of the exit flue top of tornado segregator, entrance is pouring among 3. makings and firebrick union department happen pouring body cave in, because the exterior part of segregator awl expands and vaulted, also discovered in other position a lot of wear-resisting are fireproof material, if wear away, erosive, craze, outstanding wait.
2. The origin of the problem and settle way
Reason one: Craft of the construction inside furnace is unreasonable, it is to cause boiler pouring fall off one of main reasons of the accident.
(1) is pouring the " grey water of makings compares " to did not gain proper control when agitate.
In construction process, making up pouring when makings, answer to control the scale of ash content and water strictly. Specific requirement: Consult fireproof material spot configures manufacturer " wear-resisting please technical standard " . When pouring when makings water content is too big, pouring expect rate of the hole after shaping is high, intensity is reduced substantially, fall in microtherm environment especially, natural and caky time is lengthened. If water quantity is too little, the fluidity of material is bad, vibration is not concentrated, leave hole, burrow easily to wait, pouring the intensity of makings also can be reduced greatly.
(2) is pouring the agitate time of material and oscillatory time control are undeserved.
Pouring when should use oscillator to be opposite pouring content undertakes vibration. Agitate time is too short, material mixes inhomogenous, oscillatory time is too long, stuff is easy statified, fine pink float is in the surface, aggregate is heavy in bottom, bring about material easily to intensity drops and flake. When pouring makings mix inside 30 Min when giving out, appropriate pouring the ply to the regulation and height. Pouring the construction of makings should undertake below the environmental temperature of 5° above, too low stuff is not easy and natural caky, or occurrence " holiday is caky " phenomenon. Pouring makings should irrigate continuously build, below one pouring makings should be in ground floor is pouring finish before the solidify at the beginning of makings. If construction clearance exceeds initiative setting, answer to undertake handling according to the requirement of construction connect.
(Control of time of 3) drawing of patterns is bad.
Pouring expect not classics is sclerotic cannot drawing of patterns, accordingly, become only pouring when the intensity of makings can make sure its brim and angle do not damage because of drawing of patterns, ability purify. Bearing pattern plate: Only pouring expect those who achieve intensity 70% when, ability demolishs a mould. To facilitate drawing of patterns, all models are pouring the surface is in pouring before want the oil on besmear.
(4) is pouring the conserve time control of makings is undeserved.
Boiler build by laying bricks or stones is built after finishing, due and enough natural and dry time, make the major water in fireproof material layer precipitates, avoid many water cannot seasonable eduction, bring about craze of fireproof material layer to fall off.
(Of 5) oven heat rate and temperature gradient did not gain proper control.
Main reason is people the subjective understanding to oven importance does not reach the designated position.
(1) drying-out is the nature in lining material dry the free water that cannot remove and crystallization water eliminate, be opposite at the same time pouring makings undertake high temperature solidify in order to achieve particular strength. Before drying-out, lining material must want to have particular natural strength (enough preserve one's health period) , ability undertakes.
(Appropriate of “ of 2) drying-out principle is long should not be short, appropriate is slow unfavorable fast ” . Want to press the drying-out curve that makes beforehand to undertake, warm up speed wants even and smooth, want to accuse to maintain temperature of time of good constant temperature, constant temperature, maintain temperature wave motion to not be more than ±20 ℃ , in avoiding drying-out process, had warmed up fast, the moisture of the generation in makings layer cannot seasonable eduction, create memory lunt pressure exorbitant and break through wear-resisting fireproof layer brings about crackle. In addition, gradient of the temperature when drying-out also cannot pass big, lest produce immense thermal stress, make wear-resisting fireproof layer craze, raised, fall off.
(3) wear-resisting is fireproof of material layer outside steel casing (if return cone of segregator of makings leg, tornado) when obligate of the aperture that discharge steam is too little, in drying-out process suffocate suffocate of the platoon outside the hydrosphere inside fireproof layer, fireproof layer because lunt can inside the platoon is caused blowout and fall off, also be the main factor that nots allow to ignore.
Reason 2: Structural design is unreasonable, wear-resisting is pouring problem of makings quality presence
Material of ① fireproof wear-resisting expands seam a design unreasonable
As a result of annulus to, fore-and-aft expand seam design amount insufficient or other reason, bring about boiler wear-resisting the bulk after fireproof material be heated expands, squash each other, generation crackle.
(Wear-resisting of flue of entrance of 1) tornado segregator is pouring makings and firebrick joint expand seam a consideration pouring the element is proper broaden, by 5mm instead 10mm, the clearance with sufficient obligate will satisfy expand requirement. Expand seam instead Z glyph, prevent crack direct and perforative, cause furnace ash to erode heat-insulation layer. Expand seam stuff stuff to ask two side have kraft layer fireproof fiber felt, prevent grout inside stuff of direct immerge stuff, solidify is occupied house expand of stuff stuff expand space. Annulus to expand seam design interval by 1500mm instead 1000mm.
(2) segregator exports the bedding face such as flue and segregator cone to accumulate an area, pouring face by (the diamonds of 2.5m×2.5m) instead small area (figuration build by laying bricks or stones builds 1.5m×1.5m) , at the same time the setting expands seam, expand seam width ≤3mm, the plywood that stuff stuff asks tigidity is strong, when preventing shake to pound, be out of shape. After boiler moves, burn down of plywood high temperature, the space becomes expand seam.
(Direction of height of edge of cylindrical shell of 3) tornado segregator sets bricky line to prop up splint, in order to reach wall of bricky build by laying bricks or stones statified uninstalled purpose, pass computation of weight of actual to cylindrical shell firebrick, design the purpose that short of of a splint uninstalls, according to the spot instead of the actual condition splint that prop up is decorated 2 layers.
(4) returns glassware to establish a canal wear-resisting is pouring makings splint is decorated 4 layers by 3 instead, span is contractible for 2.5m, achieve pouring makings is statified uninstall.
② catchs hammer appearance and hammer leg intensity to need to improve.
(The Y inside 1) boiler figure that pays a hammer needs to improve. Close-grained degree is insufficient, qualitative hear resistance of the material that catch a hammer is ambitious. Optimal included angle is the leg that catch a hammer between 60° ～ 80° , each cook over a slow fire makes head of two hammers leg 10mm level paragraph, such ability increase catch a hammer be opposite pouring of makings catch hold power.
(Inside 2) boiler catch a hammer to all solder in cloth canal of wind board, cuttings pick-up, wind is in charge of wait for plate to go up, the coefficient of expansion after the be heated that catch a hammer is more than the coefficient of expansion of fireproof material far. If catch a hammer not to undertake besmear bitumen pretreatment, direct as pouring as fireproof material contact, meshy micro-crack will naturally be formed on the interface of metallic stuff and fireproof material, bring about fireproof material final craze, fall off. Surface of metal of fireproof material contact wants clear degrease and grey be soiled to besmear equably the bitumen with 0.5mm above. Want to assure the chroma of bitumen and daub ply, put an end to stoutly replace bitumen oil to do lacquer of the coating that catch a hammer to expect with bitumen lacquer.
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