Perpendicular kiln is one of furnace of high temperature kiln, basically be to calcine fireproof raw material and lime, detailed introduction looks please below.
1, the classification of perpendicular kiln and actor defect perpendicular kiln (say to establish kiln, bottle kiln again) it is to be used at forginging the kiln furnace of fireproof raw material and lime. (Does 1) hang down: of kiln classification method? of brilliant of Xian of of word Chong sieve mu bright A Chinese-style unlined garment of agent of bald leg of noise of earthy a person adept in martial arts and given to chivalrous conduct people crab of of soft-shelled turtle of a pavilion or house on a terrace casts Bo ministry sifts of Xian brilliant to be a Shou to wring glue dash forward of pray irrigates crab to cast yo?) basis differs type: Clay sets upright kiln () of ℃ of calcination temperature 1300-1400. () of ℃ of 1600-1650 of to calcine temperature. () of ℃ of 12000-1300 of to calcine temperature. () of ℃ of 1600-1650 of to calcine temperature. () of ℃ of 14500-1650 of to calcine temperature; 2) can divide by use fuel type for: Solid fuel sets upright kiln (coke. Anthracitic for fuel) . Liquid fuel sets upright kiln (it is fuel) with heavy oil. Aeriform fuel sets upright kiln () of fuel of anxious furnace gas. Mix gas. Natural gas) ; 3) can divide according to different kind sending wind for: Compulsive and ventilated perpendicular kiln uses air-blower to beat air kiln inside, strengthen forging process. Kiln of natural and ventilated vertical stroke: The nature that the gas inside kiln flows to basically rely on perpendicular canister itself takes power. · basis of mechanization degree different can divide for: Man-made feed in raw material hangs down kiln. Mechanization hangs down kiln, arrive from feed in raw material a makings is complete mechanization. (The advantage of 2) perpendicular kiln: Equipment is simple. Investment is little. The fuel that unit finished product consumes is less. Cost is low. Unit volume utilization factor is big. Equipment itself covers an area of an area small. Defect: ? つ Xuan is shown truly Wan of of caries of of plant disease tan1huan4 bumps into to fly dip in of protruding Zhan punishs leech of kang of solid of intermediary of emperor A Chinese-style unlined garment to touch delicacy of agent of of Tang He Chi protects drag to treat Piao static to punish read honest gorge happily to raft throw Xing Huan ㄏ , create resources waste, perpendicular kiln productivity is small, labor condition is poor. From the point of the development of perpendicular kiln, it is artificial operation at first, natural and ventilated, fixed feed in raw material. As the progress that produces a technology, to raise yield. Quality. Improve labor condition. Improve manufacturing efficiency. Reduce specific fuel consumption, progressively implementation mechanization is ventilated. Mechanization feed in raw material is mixed a makings. Water-cooling furnace wall. The mechanization of the type such as seal unit sets upright kiln, make perpendicular kiln is improved ceaselessly, in order to get used to manufacturing modernization.
Graph 1: ? Does pray blame food of money な subcutaneous ulcer?
Graph 2: ? Screen Lu subtles fade assist hangs? . Erect kiln structure. Appearance (body of kiln of structure of 1) perpendicular kiln. Device of feed in raw material. Seal unit. Vaporization refrigeration unit. Tripper and drafting apparatus. (: of shape of 2) kiln bodily form? Is Tuan what breaks つ Xuan Huo to fasten cerebral large to push つ of Bian show off to closely question Mu establish adds Huo of Xuan of つ of ひ of V of １ of shank of postscript of of elder brother plaque wood does identify of slave-girl of Bei of そ of plaque of greedy for food of of a legendary venomous insect of Lu Liang fade truly does Qian of establish slash blame money ば ? Porcelain shipboard walks on imperial mandate to break of danger of incomplete of eat of sneer head to inspect swell children's hair of rotten Zhi Yan to flag dash forward Jiao rare U huts hold? of Gu Meng of Mao of strange money そ is solid, be helpful for material direct motion sinking equably, build by laying bricks or stones is built convenient. But, be in when material inside kiln when motion of from above to below, once agglomeration, bulk can contract, form annular aperture with kiln wall, bring about obstruction is less than kiln all round kiln among; In the meantime, the material accumulation density that stands by kiln line also is compared among inattentive, cause perpendicular pit same and sectional ventilated inhomogenous, bring about material to calcine inhomogenous. Is what 2) calcination takes internal diameter to contract cylindrical perpendicular kiln: ? Barium of bright Wu of of silk new moon is contrary to Yan touchs herd of majestic of Tuo of of commission of of acyl of Zhang of dizzy ⑹ of fall from the sky of tip of calf of imperial mandate to disrelish Mu of Lai of of guanidine け Shi illuminate bite of Wei of ざ of plaque of Ti of of a legendary venomous insect truly establish flesh A Chinese-style unlined garment of 6 miscellaneous banter is frowsty : To enlarge kiln bulk, often use warm-up belt and cooling zone to enlarge dumbbell sectional. 4) rectangular and perpendicular kiln: Mix with heavy oil gas the perpendicular kiln that is fuel. As a result of the limitation of blaze penetration, kiln volume shoulds not be too large. Accordingly, the design of large volume heavy oil. Gas and outside fire box perpendicular kiln should use rectangle sectional, its volume limits: Dolomite. Magnesian stone. Are clay and cubage of perpendicular kiln of tall aluminous raw material in 50 above M? Does; lime set upright kiln cubage to be more than 1000m? .
3. sets upright the effect that kiln takes each. (Does raw material of 1) perpendicular kiln need to pass 3 areas: ? と however belt of? to calcine. Cooling zone. (2) warm-up takes warm-up of flue gas of raw material have the aid of; The raw material that long-term combustion carries passes the to calcine of quantity of heat that fuel combustion produces; In cooling zone the raw material of to calcine and bulgy cooling air undertake heating up exchange, raw material is cooling, to calcine is entered to take after air heats, in order to help combustion, hot exchange is on warm-up belt and cooling zone, heat gets better use. Accordingly, compare with the kiln photograph of other type, perpendicular kiln has taller thermal efficiency. Raw material has important sense in the retention period in kiln. If retention period is brief, can affect to calcine quality; Retention period crosses long meeting to lower kiln yield, raise hear rate, can affect product quality sometimes. Accordingly, raw material answer in the retention period in kiln with kiln inside pass hot circumstance photograph to match. If forging temperature is proper, raise flow rate, reduce raw material piece to spend, can accelerate conduct heat speed, shorten the retention period of raw material kiln, raise kiln yield. 4. Horn hang down kiln of kiln kiln kiln 4. (1) designs a principle: 1) diameter of kiln body able to read aloud fluently is equal to or be less than diameter of the mouth below kiln body slightly, kiln body diameter is effective height 12m;2) basically two end are small. System of kiln of basis of intermediate big;3) is effective reasonable design warm-up takes height. To calcine belt. Cooling zone takes height each; Of 4) height and diameter be than the proposal 3.8? 4. (Limits does not exceed 42(limits not to exceed 42(limits not to exceed 42).3) . Because ratio of height to diameter is small, raw material warm-up is insufficient, temperature of kiln top waste gas is exorbitant, heat energy utilization rate is low; Ratio of height to diameter is big, raw material grows in the retention period inside kiln, the operation is difficult; Shrinkage of 5) kiln wall (does kiln wall tilt upcountry) should master in 5? 6% between, because too small become straight canister model, too big when kiln top diameter is too small; Systole of 6) kiln end should be in in altitude of 1.2m of fire bars above begins to be down systole, because exorbitant go against fall makings, too low fire bars bears pressure is too great, allow easy attaint fire bars, its shrinkage is 25? 30%;7) design should be helpful for raw material through warm-up. To calcine. Cooling 3 belts are not disorder, sink orderly. The operation is convenient, 3 belts are stable, without the accident. High quality, high yield, high yield is achieved later. . The purpose of low consumption. (2) 12m perpendicular kiln is departmental divide main measure: 1) kiln system is effective high 12)m, diameter of place of the 1.2m on fire bars is in 2.8? 3m. Kiln bottom diameter is 2.5? 2.6m, kiln top diameter is 1.6? 1.8m, does kiln wall tilt upcountry for 5? 6% . : of ply of 2) kiln wall? Tip こ dusk appears こ of R of umbrella of carboxyl alkyne ending mallet to flinch fawn on dash forward of Hu ┢ crucian carp bakes Xi holds the post of?.35m. Window line and the sum of thermal insulation ply are less than 1.1? 1.2m. 3) gives makings opening: Tall 2.2m, wide 1.8? 2.0m. Give ply of wall of kiln of makings mouth around to be 1.2m. 4) presents makings opening: Tall 1.6m, wide 0.8m. If roof mouth is bigger, opposite open presents makings opening twice. 5) aspiration hole: Fore-and-aft and as parallel as kiln body, it is commonly at the back of kiln body. Be apart from left and right sides of kiln wall 22.8m. Next mouths under the old fire bars below; The ground gives on 2; M. Round diameter is 0.6m by, diameter of able to read aloud fluently is 0.5? 0.4m. Hole of 6) absorption of heat: Be located in labour roof ministry, diameter 0.4? 0.5m, ground 2m exceeds above. 7) furnace cap: Be located in kiln top, have circle and square two kinds. It is with square exemple: Tall 2.2m, the wall stands by the dot of kiln wall to be 0.35m inside. The wall grows outside. Wide all be 2.2m. Its wall ply is 0.4m(or 0.37m) , two pairs present makings opening or one presents makings mouth and an exhaust opening. : of path of 8) chimney abduct? Detain of pry friendly wingceltis spits ざ of Su of of of Fang of barium accept to heat up [deceive of of caries of dew of natrium of ǖ of Xing Huan of of R of an ancient wine vessel made of horn of catfish Sui a pavilion or house on a terrace chops Ji tuft?.8m, wide 0.7m. Exit should issue the opening that leave to agree with chimney highly, be apart from the ground 2.5? 3m is tall. 9) chimney: ? Does be favored with hold the post of?.5 of be favored with of Ц of ぬ thoroughfare travel? Double. The wall tilts upcountry outside 3% . Chimney exit internal diameter is less than 0. .8-1m.
5, the ratio of height to diameter of perpendicular kiln
The internal diameter of kiln is the property that is based on to calcine raw material. Calcination temperature discretion. The flexibility that to calcine operates is decided by other factor. Kiln internal diameter is big, yield is high. However, internal diameter is too big, breathe freely very hard on the cross section of whole kiln body consistently. To calcine is even, the to calcine inside kiln masters not easily. Generally speaking, forging temperature is the property requirement according to raw material. Ratio of height to diameter is decided by all sorts of elements, if crop wants specific power consumption of sue for peace. Alleged tall diameter compares the effective height that is body pointing to kiln and kiln body internal diameter than. If tall diameter is bigger than passing, mean kiln body to grow too, can increase air to carry the fluid instruction of material layer; If tall diameter is compared too small, kiln put oneself in another's position is too short, hot exchange is too late. Accordingly, the tall diameter of impropriety is compared, no matter be too big,still be too small, can affect product quality. Crop and specific fuel consumption. Current, the ratio of height to diameter that Henan saves aluminous earth to establish kiln is commonly 3.8? 4.2, cannot exceed 4.3. Fireproof to to calcine raw material, ratio of height to diameter can amount to upper limit 4.2, raw material of abrade to to calcine course, ratio of height to diameter is desirable floor level 3.8.
The athletic mode of the stock inside 6. perpendicular kiln (1) in perpendicular kiln, material and air current move to opposite way. Material has two reasons in the shift in perpendicular kiln: It is the upside material that systole of the material in to calcine process causes (warm-up is taken and forging combustion is taken) ; 2 be bottom material uninstall the movement that causes whole kiln material. Accordingly, the stuff that warm-up takes superstratum includes to all systole move and discharge motion (and cooling zone discharges motion only almost) . Mixture kiln should include the contractive campaign that fuel combustion causes. (The air inside 2) perpendicular kiln expands from kiln bottom or inspiratory, flue gas passes chimney from upside eduction. Gas expects through coming loose when the layer, obstruction loss is very big, do every meters come loose can be makings layer obstruction amounted to 800? 1000Pa. Accordingly, the gas that studies perpendicular kiln moves, supply in order to ensure to calcine brings the air that fuel combustion place wants. Reasonable gas of distributinging kiln face. Reduce the obstruction loss in aeriform flow process. Assure to hang down kiln crop. The respect such as quality is significant. The relation between production of 1) perpendicular kiln and blast condition: When perpendicular kiln Duan Gu times, if air current increases, air current speed is accelerated; Increase as what air measures, fuel combustion speed is accelerated; In the meantime, the convection between air current and material heats up exchange to increase, add material warm-up thereby. Kiln furnace is mixed in to calcine the crop in cooling process. Can improve the quality of to calcine material. Perpendicular kiln uses maximum pressure commonly centrifugal air-blower or collect Ci air-blower. To reduce power comsumption, should decide in be operated actually more the air current rate with reasonable economy. 2) perpendicular kiln paragraph the air current that go up distributings: As a result of the material inside kiln accumulate means to differ, in gas the meeting in process of going from place to place affects obstruction loss apparently. Around kiln wall, the hole rate between material accumulation and kiln wall is more than the hole between material to lead. In addition, material systole brings about annular clearance, make air current is passed more easily all round, be in namely the same share of kiln, all round of air current distributing be more than a center. Distributing as a result of air current inhomogenous, cave dwelling is identical material to calcine of the part is inhomogenous, this kind of phenomenon is called kiln wall effect. As a result of sectional the air current that go up distributings inhomogenous, affect the position that strip makings forgings inside perpendicular kiln and figure. For example, to the mixture material of solid fuel, pass easily as a result of air current all round area, fuel is ignited all round earlier, combustion rate is rapidder; Because fluid resistance is great, central air current is passed not easily, need to be ignited later, combustion process is slower also, form thereby " bowl shape " to calcine belt. Increase as what beat wind pressure power, air is supplied enough, belt of whole to calcine can move up, shorten accordingly; But, the fire all round it is faster than the center still, still be so " bowl shape " . If the resistance inside kiln is great, blast pressure is low, air in short supply, to calcine belt moves downward, spin. This dropped to calcine temperature not only, and shortened cooling zone, affected the to calcine of material and refrigeration. To overcome afore-mentioned phenomena, should increase all round the obstruction of the fluid, balance kiln paragraph ventilated. Accordingly, be necessary to have reasonable material, be about to broken makings distributings in all round, in order to increase resistance, reduce the fuel all round to measure in order to drop temperature. To assure the normal flow of the gas inside kiln, maintain forging the empty tolerance that combustion belt requires, can use 3 kinds of different ventilated kind: One kind is to be pressed ventilated, namely fan enters air from the beat end kiln, form inside kiln pressing; The 2nd kind is from kiln the top is taken out ventilated, negative pressure is formed inside kiln; The 3rd kind is a balance ventilated, namely from kiln bottom convulsions, carry convulsions on the head from kiln, form inside kiln have already pressing an area to have negative pressure area again, certain inside kiln height forms system of neutral margin pressure. Generally speaking, perpendicular kiln uses mechanization ventilated form, and nature is ventilated and perpendicular kiln is the 2nd kind of means.
7. is in the method of fuel of solid of the combustion in perpendicular kiln in perpendicular kiln, outside dividing raw material agglomeration, the quantity of heat that fuel combustion releases is kiln liner comes loose hot, flue gas takes away quantity of heat, bring about perpendicular kiln thermal efficiency low (make an appointment with 50%) . The fuel in perpendicular kiln is solid. Liquid. Gas 3 person all but. Natural gas. . Heavy oil is commonly used Yu Gaoduan burns the dolomite of temperature or magnesia establishs kiln; Furnace is gas and usable establish kiln at the lime of temperature of low to calcine or clay. But at present, solid fuel (coal and coke) be used extensively. (1) the combustion method cent of fuel of the solid inside perpendicular kiln burns for the firebox outside the combustion inside kiln and kiln two kinds. Former can divide mix for fuel raw material is statified lade and mix lade. (2) outside means of fire box combustion: Basically apply to microtherm clay perpendicular kiln. Its advantage is the ash content in coal won't pollute raw material, the purity of clinker is taller, especially more to ash content coal. When fuel is added in perpendicular kiln to burn, it can deliver quantity of heat raw material at the same time, deliver quantity of heat quickly thereby. Yield is high. Coal consumption is low. Equipment is simpler also. But means of this kind of combustion has particular demand to fuel: Content of 1) coal ash should is less than 20% . Ash content is exorbitant, reduced calorific value on one hand. Pollute raw material. Affect the purity of clinker; In the meantime, cause pit very easily. Knot tumour phenomenon. To magnesia. Ash content of fuel of requirement of dolomite qualitative grog under 13% . The granuality control of 2) coal is very significant, affect the ply of fuel combustion speed and combustion belt. To ensure to raw material is forginging and is enough time in combustion process, the granuality of coal should the granuality with raw material (piece) into certain proportion. Coal bead is too small, the high temperature when combustion is taken too concentration, tall temperate zone is shorter, of raw material of tall temperate zone forging and combustion time is shorter, the physics of raw material and chemical change are too late, affect the quality of clinker. In the meantime, to calcine belt shortens, warm-up leads relative growth, when to calcine belt produces CO warm-up to take, the reductive scale that it is CO increases, bring about hear rate to increase. If coal bead is too big, combustion speed can be decelerated, to calcine belt spins, firepower is not centered, cooling zone can shorten accordingly, cause to calcine and difference of quality of cooling raw material. Into: of requirement of kiln fuel granuality? Miscellaneous Qu from analyse? magnesia perpendicular kiln, easy agglomeration raw material, fuel granuality 25? Raw material of 40mm; difficult agglomeration, fuel granuality 40? 70mm or 25? 40mm. Lime is perpendicular kiln: Raw material granuality 30? 70mm, fuel granuality 13? 25mm or 25? Granuality of 40mm; raw material 70? 75mm, fuel granuality 25? 40mm.
3) passes to prevent to heat up a loss big, the volatilization of fuel is divided should be less than 7% . Fuel burns inside exterior firebox, the flue gas that combustion produces enters pit through aperture of kiln wall fire inside. Furnace of this kind of kiln can use the fuel with volatile high content. Fuel ash content is right of raw material agglutinant more perpendicular than mixing also pit is small, because this kind of perpendicular kiln used extensive fuel type, also can use inferior coal. However, as a result of the loss of a few quantity of heat in firebox, its specific fuel consumption measures prep above to mix perpendicular kiln. In addition, raw material to calcine is not quite even, the central part of kiln appears easily raw material phenomenon. To overcome this one phenomenon, the perpendicular kiln of exterior firebox forms a rectangle commonly sectional, according to the osmosis of flue gas deepness determines rectangular and sectional breadth, in order to ensure the even to calcine with sectional edge.
Above is what the characteristic has about setting upright kiln sort, normally the photograph inside Shanghaiguan of what material allows meeting to calcine, the thank is browsed.
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