Craft of lead of our country traditional refine basically is agglomeration roast, blast furnace is reductive fusion, because agglomeration process produces flue gas of low density SO2, go against make acid, environmental pollution is serious, and reductive fusion uses blast furnace costly metallurgy is anxious, belong to a country to wash out craft clearly. The plumbic smelt craft with our country at present more application blows oxidation fusion for aerobic bottom one blast furnace is reductive fusion, this craft solved low density SO2 basically to pollute a problem, but the ingot of tall lead broken bits of fusion again person blast furnace is reductive fusion, cause physics of tall lead broken bits to heat up a loss, and reductive fusion uses blast furnace costly metallurgy is anxious, manufacturing cost is higher.
Technology of fusion of bath of made of baked clay Niu Kefu of traceable of technology of fusion of bath of oxygen boosting side-blown, use at cupreous smelt at first. Development gave technology of lead of refine of oxygen boosting side-blown 2000, its obtained favorable result in industrialized process.
Technology of fusion of bath of oxygen boosting side-blown already succeeded in domain of smelt of mine of nickel of our country copper carry out. 2010, our country begins to use technology of fusion of bath of oxygen boosting side-blown to handle business of mine of vulcanization copper nickel successful go into operation, each technology economic norms all excel is current craft of smelt of mine of other copper nickel.
Sketch map of technology of fusion of bath of oxygen boosting side-blown
1, technology of lead of immediate temper with fire summarizes oxygen boosting side-blown
1) structure of furnace of fusion of bath of oxygen boosting side-blown
Graph 1: Furnace of oxidation of oxygen boosting side-blown and reductive furnace structure pursue
Graph 1 in, decorate it is furnace of oxidation of fusion of bath of oxygen boosting side-blown pinnacledly, decorate those who be in small part to be fusion of bath of oxygen boosting side-blown reductive furnace. Furnace of fusion of bath of oxygen boosting side-blown shows rectangular vertical structure, basically wait for a part to comprise by crucible, shaft, roof, steel wearing. Crucible is built by fireproof material build by laying bricks or stones and become, crucible above part is shaft, shaft is covered by cupreous water cover joining together with molten steel and become. The characteristic of furnace of oxygen boosting side-blown is shaft water of a copper covers two side on set several one second a place with a draught, with Yu Xiangrong layer of body broken bits beats oxygen boosting air. Fuse-element churns strongly below action of oxygen boosting air, quick response. In shaft water of copper of two side three-layer is covered on set several 2 second a place with a draught, with the air that person of the beat inside Yu Xianglu measures certainly, make flue gas medium can light composition to burn adequately. Three-layer copper water covers above and roof to cover composition by molten steel. Roof molten steel is covered set mouth of mouth of solid state feed in raw material, liquid state feed in raw material and exhaust opening. Crucible one aspect of the matter sets siphon room, clarify depart further with Yu Qian and fusion broken bits, lead is given off continuously through siphon, broken bits from slag tap successive eduction. Furnace of oxidation of oxygen boosting side-blown and oxygen boosting side-blown are reductive furnace joins through chute, make to decoke of vulcanization concentrate oxidation and rich lead broken bits reductive fusion can undertake continuously. Reductive furnace one aspect of the matter stands by oxygen boosting side-blown roof position sets entrance of broken bits of liquid state tall lead.
2) oxygen boosting side-blown is direct refine lead technological process
Graph 2: Oxygen boosting side-blown is direct refine lead technological process graph
Furnace of oxidation of oxygen boosting side-blown and oxygen boosting side-blown are reductive furnace is oxygen boosting side-blown the core equipment of craft of lead of immediate temper with fire, furnace of side-blown of two oxygen boosting passes chute join, implemented activity in series. Place of furnace of oxidation of oxygen boosting side-blown produces wide lead and tall lead broken bits to flow into room of oxidation furnace siphon, wide lead gives off ingot casting continuously through siphon, chute of classics of tall lead broken bits flows into oxygen boosting side-blown continuously reductive furnace. Reductive furnace place produces wide lead and reductive fusion broken bits 2 times to flow into room of reductive furnace siphon, 2 times wide lead gives off ingot casting continuously through siphon, reductive fusion broken bits is given off continuously send smoke to change furnace smoke carry zinc. 3 furnace place produces high temperature flue gas to all reclaim through more than heat boiler more than heat, among them flue gas of high temperature of furnace of oxidation of oxygen boosting side-blown collects dust through more than heat boiler, report implement evacuation makes acerbity system, after reductive furnace and smoke change flue gas of furnace high temperature to pass dust catcher of more than heat boiler, hop-pocket, processing of simple to decoke can be discharged empty. Furnace of oxidation of oxygen boosting side-blown and the soot that reductive furnace reclaims return burden system, the soot basis that smoke changes furnace place to reclaim is ZnO, can sell as finished product.
3) process of fusion of oxidation of oxygen boosting side-blown
Plumbic concentrate, flux, return makings, broken coal to oxidize from oxygen boosting side-blown via metric leather belt mouth of furnace roof feed in raw material adds oven continuously inside, 45% . The oxygen boosting air of 85% from shaft the wind mouth of two side rouses layer of the broken bits inside furnace, fuse-element churns strongly below action of oxygen boosting air, vulcanization lead concentrate oxidizes quickly reaction, generate wide lead and tall lead broken bits, wide lead and tall lead broken bits flow into the siphon room of oxidation furnace one aspect of the matter to clarify depart further, the siphon of a side of room of siphon of wide lead classics gives off a mouth to give off ingot casting continuously, tall lead broken bits is given off continuously from slag tap of siphon room one aspect of the matter, flow into oxygen boosting side-blown through chute reductive furnace. In be flue gas of oxidize furnace high temperature can light composition to burn adequately, from shaft the 2 wind mouth of two side beats the air of certain amount. Oxidation furnace place produces high temperature flue gas to enter more than heat boiler to reclaim from eduction of roof exhaust opening more than heat, flue gas classics more than heat boiler is junior person report dust catcher, send the system that make acid next. The soot that more than heat boiler and electric dust catcher reclaim returns burden system.
The grade of wide lead yield and plumbic concentrate concerns furnace of oxidation of oxygen boosting side-blown, grade is higher, wide lead yields rate is higher, wide lead yield is general situation plumbic concentrate contains lead 50% the left and right sides. To control the volatilization of PbS, oxidation fusion process should control oxidation slag melting point not prep above 1000 ℃ , caO ／ SiO: For 0.5 ～ 0.7 advisable. Oxygen boosting air presses force ～ 0.1MPa, oxygen makings beguine is decided according to the composition of plumbic concentrate.
4) oxygen boosting side-blown is reductive fusion process
The chute of classics of tall lead broken bits that furnace of oxidation of oxygen boosting side-blown generates flows into oxygen boosting side-blown reductive furnace, classics of flux, broken coal is metric leather belt adds oven continuously from mouth of feed in raw material of reductive furnace roof inside, oxygen boosting air from shaft the wind mouth of two side rouses layer of the broken bits inside person furnace, fuse-element churns strongly below action of oxygen boosting air, tall lead broken bits, broken coal, flux mixes quickly even, reaction generates wide lead and slag, plumbic drop hits each other grown, plumbic drop sinks gradually enter wind mouth the following rapid uses weaker area, 2 times wide lead and slag flow into siphon room to clarify depart further, 2 times wide lead gives off a mouth to give off ingot casting continuously from the siphon of siphon room a side, reductive fusion broken bits is given off continuously from the slag tap of siphon room one aspect of the matter send smoke to change carry zinc. Flue gas of reductive furnace high temperature contains what measure certainly to be able to light composition (basically be CO) , it is those who make flue gas medium to be able to light composition to burn adequately, through reductive furnace shaft the 2 wind mouth of two side rouses certain amount air to make its burn adequately. Reductive furnace place produces high temperature flue gas to enter more than heat boiler to reclaim more than heat, reentry hop-pocket dust catcher collects dust, discharge next empty. More than heat boiler and hop-pocket collect dust implement reclaims soot returns burden.
2, craft of lead of immediate temper with fire applies oxygen boosting side-blown foreground
Traditional agglomeration ～ blast furnace is reductive although craft is mature, but environmental pollution is serious, specific power consumption is tall, belong to a country to wash out craft clearly. The some in the plumbic smelt method that our country introduces from abroad early or late already stop production (QSL) , some still are moving, because be put in certain blemish, fail to get popularizing, the Kivcet way that building, expectation obtains favorable executive result. At present craft of domestic lead smelt applies more sweeping SKS law to be put in certain blemish likewise, if ask to plumbic concentrate grade physics of broken bits of tall, tall lead heats up loss, reducer,be costly metallurgy service life of spray gun of anxious, oxygen is brief etc, its remain to be improved further, rise.
Oxygen boosting side-blown is direct refine lead craft is the our country own development, refine lead method that has own intellectual property. Practice makes clear, this method has adaptability of investment province, raw material wide, specific power consumption low, environment intensity of good, labor low, exercise is successive wait for an advantage. Oxygen boosting side-blown is reductive Duan Ke takes the place of with be being replaced directly SKS blast furnace is at present reductive craft, facilitating SKS blast furnace is reductive paragraph technical reformation, leave out working procedure of ingot of tall lead broken bits, broken bits of liquid state tall lead enters oxygen boosting side-blown directly reductive furnace is reductive, reducer takes the place of with coal anxious, reduce manufacturing cost. Craft of lead of immediate temper with fire regards oxygen boosting side-blown as a kind of advanced refine lead method, have wide applied perspective.
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