Improve converter life all the time since the key that is steelworks and attention of fireproof material factory. Common step builds converter liner the magnesian carbon brick of different function is united in wedlock splash broken bits to protect furnace technology, domestic steelworks is in commonly to the requirement of converter life 5000 furnace above, exceed 10000 furnace even, because this need is deployed,safeguard accordingly with fireproof material. Current, use bedding face heat generally to repair expect hearth and the side of feed in raw material to converter, tapping side undertake maintenance, use gush filling makings to undertake maintenance to the bath of converter, round horn and trunnion, use what makings of form a vesicle uses at converter tapping mouth changes to fill seam the maintenance with tapping mouth area, use a hand to cast expect the furnace cap to converter undertakes maintenance. Additional, splash broken bits to protect heat technique to be in lengthen converter life to went up to also produce effect, but as clean steel smelt and the understanding to concept of converter economy furnace life, converter splashs broken bits to protect the scale of furnace to will drop ceaselessly, the effect that because this is safeguarded,uses fireproof data will be mainer and mainer.
Converter sketch map
Summed up below at present different area safeguards converter means of the material plastid department that uses fireproof data, construction, performance characteristics and use up the dependency between scale and condition of its and converter operating mode, right converter will safeguard the development that uses fireproof material technology to undertake expectation henceforth.
1, heat of converter bedding face is repaired makings
Heat of converter bedding face is repaired makings is main hearth and the side of feed in raw material that protects converter with Yu Wei, tapping side,
1) construction method is compared
Magnesian carbon pledges heat is repaired makings is main it is main raw material with magnesia and bitumen or colophony pink, add in matrix wetting agent, hurried sheds agent, antioxidant to wait. Its fall into converter through hopper, have the aid of shakes furnace and bond encounter the liquefaction when heat, make bedding face expects rapid flow arrives need to defend region and do as one pleases is close-grained, with lining close together union is together. Heat of environmental protection of magnesian silicon qualitative water system is repaired makings is main it is main raw material with magnesia and SiO2 small pink, add in matrix have the agent that decrease water, prevent precipitant and explosion proof agent to wait, after its need to add water agitate to achieve status of do as one pleases equably in mixer, repass hopper enters converter, have the aid of shakes furnace and water divide those who encounter heat to evaporate make bedding face expects rapid flow arrives need to defend region and do as one pleases is close-grained, with lining close together union is together. 9 water slant the magnesian qualitative heat that siliceous natrium combines is repaired makings is main slant with 9 water with magnesia siliceous natrium for main raw material, its fettling method is repaired with the heat that contain carbon of makings identical, different is the moisture content that when its encounter heat through afore-mentioned inorganic salt, releases and moisture evaporate make repair makings boiling, flow and precipitation, be united in wedlock together with lining, achieve maintenance goal thereby. Above 3 kinds of big fabrics are the more than heat after using converter tapping and converter is seasonable and jolty will realize fettling to work, safeguard dosage to be in every time 3.2 ｔ of 0.7 ～ , because this needs to be in after converter tapping when Yu Wen is taller,repair in time, assure sufficient agglomeration time. Magnesian carbon pledges heat is repaired expect in agglomeration process colophony of existence bitumen ／ burns with carbonization, accompany more smother appears, chilly to the environment, and agglomeration time is in commonly 30 ～ 60min. Heat of environmental protection of magnesian silicon qualitative water system is repaired expect and 9 water slant the magnesium that siliceous natrium combines pledges heat repairs those who expect be in agglomeration process basically is moisture to evaporate, do not have adverse effect to the environment, and agglomeration time is in commonly 20min less than, this has great sense to improving the manufacturing efficiency of converter.
2) manage changes function and application to compare
3 kinds of afore-mentioned heat repair the main reason of makings to change function is like the place that express １ to show with use circumstance. From the watch １ is knowable, heat of magnesian silicon qualitative environmental protection is repaired makings is compact spend and strength is great, 9 water slant magnesium of siliceous natrium union pledges heat repairs the take second place of makings, and magnesian carbon pledges heat is repaired of makings low. This differentia different and its chemistry composition are relevant: Heat of magnesian silicon qualitative environmental protection is repaired expect bases is MgO and SiO2, its can form tall frit to nod photograph M2S below high temperature (1890 ℃ of melting point) ; Magnesian carbon pledges heat is repaired expect bases is MgO and C, its can form carbolic union below high temperature; 9 water slant magnesium of siliceous natrium union pledges heat repairs the bases of makings to be MgO, SiO2 and Na2O, its can be put in look of more low melting point below high temperature.
Express 1: The typical put in order that converter does not repair material with type heat is changed function and use circumstance
Because itself causes the difference of density and intensity, magnesian silicon pledges environmental protection heat repairs the service life of makings to grow, but restrict because of what its accept construction method and attribute the burgeoning skill that in last few years development rises, its are current scope of application occupies main position; Magnesian carbon pledges heat repairs the service life take second place of makings, but because construction is convenient and it is to already used old mature technology, its are current scope of application is wide; 9 water slant magnesium of siliceous natrium union pledges heat is repaired expect service life is brief, its are current scope of application is narrow also.
2, horn safeguards converter trunnion and circle to fill with gush makings
The round horn area that converter trunnion and trunnion are the same as side uses magnesium to pledge or filling makings of magnesian carbon qualitative gush undertakes repairing. Filling makings of these two kinds of gush all is main raw material with magnesia, use phosphate to be bond, good dose of small pink of right amount SiO2, hurried and plasticizer introduce in matrix, through gush filling equipment achieves fettling result. Magnesium pledges and filling makings of magnesian carbon qualitative gush is mixed to converter trunnion the maintenance of round horn is in commonly of converter enlist in army metaphase begins, and heat of converter of make the most of is repaired expect the agglomeration time after safeguarding undertakes, make dosage is in commonly every time 0.4 ～ 0.8 ｔ , agglomeration time is in 10min less than, service life is 4 ～ commonly 5 furnace. Magnesium pledges and the typical put in order of filling makings of magnesian carbon qualitative gush changes sexual visibility to express 2.
Express 2: Magnesium pledges and the typical put in order of filling makings of gush of magnesian carbon qualitative converter turns performance
3) the effect that the effect that takes each inside perpendicular kiln takes each inside perpendicular kiln
(1) raw material needs all previous classics inside perpendicular kiln 3 belts: Warm-up belt, to calcine belt, cooling zone.
(2) the raw material have the aid of that takes in warm-up undertakes warm-up at the quantity of heat of flue gas; The quantity of heat that burns the raw material have the aid of of the belt to be given off at fuel combustion place in undertakes to calcine; is in cooling zone already the raw material with good to calcine and the cooling air that beat undertake heating up exchange, raw material is cooled, and to calcine belt is entered to be used for supporting combustion after air is heated. Because be in,cooling zone undertakes heating up exchange by refluent means, it is better that quantity of heat gets use. Accordingly, set upright kiln and other type kiln to compare, have taller thermal efficiency. Raw material has important sense in the retention period inside kiln, if retention period is brief, with respect to meeting influence retention period of; of to calcine quality grows too, will make the crop of kiln is reduced, hear rate increases, also can affect product quality sometimes. Accordingly, raw material passes hot circumstance to close suitably inside the retention period beard inside kiln and kiln. If can raise calcination temperature appropriately, increase air current rate, reduce raw material piece to spend etc, all can conduct heat quickly rate, shorten raw material the retention period inside kiln, raise the yield of kiln.
3, converter tapping mouth changes to pledge with magnesium form a vesicle expects
The life of converter tapping mouth is 90 ～ commonly 150 furnace, when changing, need to pledge with magnesium stuff of form a vesicle comes fill its and tapping mouth the aperture between the brick. Makings of magnesian qualitative grouting uses magnesia to be main raw material, it is bond with phosphate, right amount magnesite introduces in matrix (or dolomite, limestone) good dose of agent of agglomeration of fine pink, oxidation chromium small pink, SiO2 small pink, clay pink, low temperature and hurried. The typical put in order that magnesian qualitative grouting expects changes sexual visibility to express 3.
Express 3: The typical put in order that magnesium of converter tapping mouth pledges form a vesicle expects turns performance
Magnesian qualitative grouting expects general construction process is: After converter tapping ends, smash brick of tapping mouth savage through special bore disintegrator cleared, the １ that be like a graph (ａ ) be shown, change the tapping mouth that already had assembled to the brick is inserted from tapping mouth aperture and be secured go up in flange of periphery of tapping mouth aperture; Shake converter again the platform after turning to furnace, use safeguard used spray to fill with trunnion and round horn gush of high speed of makings of equipment general grouting changes into tapping mouth brick and tapping mouth the aperture between the brick aperture fill compact, １ seeing a picture (ｂ ) . The construction time that form a vesicle expects is commonly in 30min, safeguard dosage to make an appointment with 0.8 ｔ . After construction ends, converter but immediately throws production, life of makings of form a vesicle and tapping mouth change the brick is synchronous.
Graph 1: Tapping mouth changes of bricky incomplete brick demolish the construction that expects with magnesian qualitative grouting
4, converter furnace cap pledges with magnesian carbon the hand is cast makings
Converter furnace cap stands by tapping mouth area to be put in molten steel of frequent contact high temperature to mix slaggy wait for a problem, relatively furnace cap is other rate of area frit caustic is old, heat of this area bedding face is repaired makings do not safeguard, partial steelworks uses magnesian carbon to pledge the hand is cast makings will undertake maintenance. Magnesian carbon pledges the hand casts makings and bedding face magnesian carbon to pledge heat is repaired expect belonging to plastid of same capable person is, fettling principle is same, different is magnesian carbon qualitative hand is cast expect its are general it is aggregate with magnesian olivine, it is fine pink with magnesia, bitumen or colophony pink add a capacity less, finish agglomeration in order to be satisfied inside inferior temperature and shorter time. Its typical put in order changes function index to see a table 4. Magnesian carbon pledges the hand is cast stuff is ordinary undertake on converter tapping ending wheeler, repair character by the magnesian carbon that installs Xiaobao artificially expect from mouth cap of direct and devoted furnace needs to repair area. Hand of converter furnace cap casts the maintenance of makings dosage is every time 0.8 ｔ of 0.4 ～ , service life is 100 ～ 200 furnace.
Express 4: Converter furnace cap pledges with magnesian carbon the hand casts the typical put in order of makings to turn performance
5, converter is safeguarded use up with fireproof material reach with converter
3 top that the dependency of operating mode condition chooses 3 large steelworks of domestic bottom answer blows converter, number is Z1, Z2 and Z3 respectively, configuration of brick of magnesian carbon of its job layer reachs labor difference of condition of smelt operating mode, list its safeguard the wastage that uses fireproof data, if express,5 are shown. Can see from inside the watch: The configuration of brick of magnesian carbon of layer of job of these 3 converter is basic and identical, but operating mode condition has difference, the operating mode condition of Z1 is slashing, the take second place of Z2, of Z3 good; 3 converter safeguard ton of steel with fireproof material to use up difference bigger, it is 0.75kg respectively (Z1) , 0.62kg (Z2) with 0.51kg (Z3) . Combine the operating mode condition of these 3 converter, analysis its are overall safeguard fireproof material to choose to reach ton of steel to use up the reason with bigger difference to be as follows:
Express 5: The operating mode condition of converter of 3 large steelworks of domestic and safeguard fireproof material to use up dosage
１ ) Z1 place steelworks has 2 converter only, heat of qualitative environmental protection of choice magnesian silicon is repaired makings in order to satisfy its the operating mode condition that Gao Hewei of converter tapping frequency protects time weak point, z2 and Z3 place steelworks have 3 converter, use magnesian carbon to pledge heat is repaired makings can be comfortable should current tapping frequency and maintain pattern. From the point of whole furnace battle, heat of magnesian silicon qualitative environmental protection repairs ton of steel of makings to use up as qualitative as magnesian carbon heat to repair of makings using up is adjacent, but short, service life grows time of agglomeration of magnesian silicon metal, can improve the efficiency of have enough to meet need of converter greatly. Compare Z1, Z2 and Z3, z1 add up to safeguards time-consuming 4220min 211 times, and Z2 add up to safeguards time-consuming 25020min 417 times, z3 add up to safeguards time-consuming 22000min 740 times. Press computation of 40min of turnaround time of smelt of １ furnace molten steel, if Z2 and Z3 use magnesian silicon metal to safeguard, will OK part much smelt molten steel 93825 with 64750 ｔ .
(2) the requirement blew to decide filling makings of magnesian qualitative gush by blast tuyere use up dosage. Z1 a place with a draught is whole furnace battle whole journey the much, canal that blow argon adopts measure of brick of bare, a place with a draught construction of type of single pipe colonies, cause its to be opposite of round horn area erode mix very often serious, because this magnesium pledges dosage of gush filling makings rises quickly; The situation of Z2 and Z1 is same, but because its did not ask whole journey of whole furnace battle is bare, its gush filling makings ton steel is used up have relatively substantially drop; Amount of brick of Z3 a place with a draught is lesser, use capillary type structure, and did not ask whole journey of whole furnace battle is bare, reason its gush filling makings ton it is less that steel is used up.
6, converter safeguards the technology that uses fireproof data to look into
Current, bedding face heat repairs makings, trunnion and round horn to safeguard with gush mouth of filling makings, tapping changes to expect with form a vesicle with furnace the cap is safeguarded cast with the hand expecting still is converter maintain used main data. Strengthen as what the country pledges to magnesium resource canal accuses, steelworks rises to what efficiency and environmental protection ask, steelworks smelt steel is planted high quality requirement is proportional to splashing broken bits to protect furnace and blowing the influence of the many sided element such as the requirement, converter will safeguard henceforth will appear with fireproof material technology a few new change:
(１ ) tendency of intensity of magnesian qualitative resource will force fireproof material to produce business to turn search more to be able to replace resource, the olivine that be like magnesium, magnesian dolomite, all sorts of alkalescent reclaim abandon a brick to wait to will become popular maintenance fireproof material uses raw material.
(2) converter bedding face safeguards the silicon that use magnesium to pledge environmental protection heat is repaired expect mix in environmental protection raise respect of efficiency of converter have enough to meet need to compare traditional magnesium carbon to pledge heat is repaired material is superior,
(3) converter trunnion, round horn safeguards the automation that with gush makings of grouting of mouth of filling makings, tapping uses device and intelligence to change will popularize gradually, its but self-adjusting water makings is compared and gush filling speed, bigger limit land increased to safeguard the adhere effect of material, reduce ton of steel greatly thereby fireproof material is used up.
(4) because be opposite high quality increase of kind of demand increasingly, steelworks splashs drop off broken bits to protect furnace scale, pursue appropriate economic furnace life. Divide the development of brick of high grade lining, high-powered converter maintains data especially filling makings also is badly in need of the new-style gush of longevity life development.
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