Coloured smelt basically divides for the following chunk: Nickel of zinc of lead of copper of refine aluminium, refine, refine, refine, refine, bullion, the fireproof data that these coloured smelt use introduces in this one by one.
In production of world nonferrous metal, produce per year a quantity aluminously to hold significant position, exceed other nonferrous metal far. The gross of the fireproof material that the fireproof material that aluminous industry uses up every year uses up than smelt of copper, lead, zinc still is gotten more much. Does the production methods of metallic aluminium make: of take as one's model for fixed two paces? ? of of wholesale of ⊙ of approach of elder brother of food container of quantity of additional forge of brave of ù of of bluff Meng 2, it is raw material with industrial alumina, use frit salt electrolysis to make take metallic aluminium. The heat of high temperature kiln that in producing a course, uses has furnace of aluminium of electrobath of salt of rotary kiln, frit, frit to wait.
The fireproof material wastage of aluminous industry furnace is very big. Its reason depends on, making when taking AI2O3, basic material is fireproof to rotary kiln in stock of material erode particularly serious. In the process of fusion aluminium, even if falls in inferior temperature, metallic aluminium still has very strong osmosis ability, once inside infiltration brick, will react with the SiO2 in the brick, si reductive come out, destroyed the constituent structure of fireproof material, make lining produces degenerative layer, loose, flake and mar. Its react: 3SiO2 + 4Al, 2Al2O3 + 3SiO
Accordingly, the fireproof material that contains SiO2 all shoulds not be the material building furnace that regards metallic aluminium as fusion equipment. So furnace of general aluminous industry uses fireproof data, outside dividing tall aluminous brick, qualitative products of commonly used carbon.
One, alumina rotary kiln uses fireproof data
Current, as a result of the reason of raw material, the pull current Cheng of our country alumina uses agglomeration law and associated method mostly. The dry, to calcine of aluminous alumina, the craft such as the roast of hydroted alumina mostly Zuo uses rotary kiln. In recent years, introduce shed voice to change roast device to be used generally already, but still hold larger proportion in rotary kiln of a few old plants.
Rotary kiln is the agglomeration kiln of alumina grog. Making when taking alumina, mix aluminous alumina and soda ash first lime in proportion burden outfit enters rotary kiln, the course gives pit after 1200~1300 ℃ to calcine, in making hydroted alumina and mother liquor; install hydroted alumina rotary kiln via proper processing after that, in the high temperature of I200 ℃ to calcine can be made. The to calcine process inside rotary kiln is: High temperature blaze makes converse motion inside furnace with stock be heatinged. Oar of autochthonal makings of alkaline lime aluminous Ji (hydrous 40% ) or hydroted alumina (hydrous 12% ~ 18% ) join by kiln end, classics low temperature is dry dehydration, heat, high temperature to calcine, go out from kiln head expect and high temperature gas flows to kiln end by kiln head. Because the cent inside this kiln is warm-up,belt and high temperature are burned belt. Heating to prevent an oar to expect line of kiln of the felt in to calcine process and aggrandizement conduct heat process, the setting is returned to have chain between body of fireproof material build by laying bricks or stones, whirligig process is made in kiln body in, hit stock and line brick ceaselessly, have certain effect to the service life of kiln line.
Alumina manufactures the cylindrical shell that solder for armor plate with body of rotary kiln kiln and becomes, liner is fireproof material. Environment of fireproof data work abominable, condition is slashing. Ought to it have following a few characteristic: ? Come off work of high temperature of ℃ of?200~1300 of τ of Gua of て of Piao of barren of dredge of η of crime polonium qualitative Ci ancienting name for a water catltrop is made and do not mar; to be able to bear the concussion; that moves load can be counteractive of charging those who erode air current of; ability high temperature is erosive. The fireproof data that rotary kiln place uses is given priority to with tall aluminous brick, microtherm oast uses clay brick to make liner.
Now, indeterminate form is fireproof the data got be applyinged extensively in aluminous industry, because get,in the kiln mouth of rotary kiln the high temperature of stock wears away and the action of thermal shock stress, kiln mouth is out of shape extremely easily attaint; Take in the transition of alumina grog kiln, environmental temperature is 400~ 1000 ℃ : , suffer alkaline corrode and mechanical sex damages (shake, ill-natured) serious, liner often falls off. Fiber of useful also steel enhances rotary kiln pouring of makings, basically use in end of mouth of warm-up belt, kiln, kiln, cooling machine.
Hydroted alumina roast is the ending in alumina production process a working procedure, basically be the adherent water in filter cake of stoving hydroted alumina, crystallization water, change one part β alumina into α alumina. The hydroted alumina roast of manufacturer of domestic main alumina already alled now or partial Zuo sheds voice to convert roast plant with what introduce. Shed voice to change condition of roast equipment billabong show furnace of fast roast furnace, circular fluid-bed roast, suspension roast heat 3 kinds of furnace, although what apply fireproof material is endless and same, but very much use indeterminate form fireproof data (fireproof but plastic or fireproof pouring makings) , its dosage occupies the 50%~70% that uses fireproof data. Shed voice to change the indeterminate form that shows fast roast heat fireproof material all introduces from Germany, the fireproof material all of furnace of circular fluid-bed roast is home to produce.
Furnace of roast of alumina gas in suspension is the special device that uses roast hydroted alumina, its craft and automation level are very high, roast process makes an appointment with 1200 ℃ in the exercise temperature of high temperature body of heater, the condition of high wind speed plays end, the alumina stock hardness that handles as a result of place at the same time is bigger, liquidity is good, have very severe demand to the quality of alumina product, the interfuse of any impurity affects liner data directly the function of the product, ask fireproof data must satisfy following condition: consequently? Does ⑷ of to fold of sparrow of Kang of ⑶ of Zhen of ニ of rapid of ⒛ of the grand that appear Nao hold the post of Yun of Wu of Qian of of boundless and indistinct of courtyard of Xiao of of of boundless and indistinct of Xiong of discuss ü δ handsome?
Electrobath is production electroanalysises aluminous core equipment, electrobath is rectangular steel casing normally, liner charcoal brick. Electrobath horizontally pivoted hung has one carbon anode, its charcoal pledges bottom land is cathode. Aluminium electroanalysises choose cryolite, fluorine to change aluminous, fluorine to change the frit fluid such as lithium to be electrolyte, in 970 ℃ the left and right sides fuses AI2O3, ionization falls in the action of electric field force, electroanalysis recover from an illness the metallic aluminous fuse-element that come out is deposit at bottom land cathode, the oxygen that positive pole gives off and carbon anode echo generate CO2 or CO. The quantity of heat that electrochemistry echo emits makes electrobath and aluminium carry melt state, proper time from the aluminous fluid that gives off inside groove, electroanalysis to the alumina that ration adds inside groove and cryolite; temperature is 900~ 1000 ℃ .
Use charcoal piece build by laying bricks or stones to build commonly in layer of the exercise end electrobath. But make new compound because of the echo of carbon and natrium, bricky line structure is lax, intensity is reduced, charcoal piece presents break. Subsequently electrolyte and break of aluminous fluid edge are entered, below high temperature aluminium and carbolic echo are become as inattentive as carbolic union, make break patulous thereby, bring about electrobath chamfer carapace to be out of shape eventually the austere corrode caustic that reachs liner and shorten use life. Consequently, material of cathode of electrobath bottom land is choosing half graphitization charcoal brick or graphitization charcoal brick by instead of original amorphous charcoal brick.
Of liner of aluminous electrobath side wall mar main reason to there is: ? Of the cryolite below high temperature of? of difficult wholesale of department of persimmon of Hu of of of palm of oxime of of collect of ┏ of Guang of carbuncle earnest cowardly falling into oblivion, NaF and aluminous fluid corrode what; fuse-element flow causes to erode; temperature wave motion and heat expand cause thermal stress.
The side wall of aluminous electrobath all the time continue to use is amorphous charcoal of charcoal piece, black lead piece wait, the defect with this kind of serious data is to fight oxidation function difference, intensity is low. To make side wall does not oxidize, have greater resistance again, side wall forward part or all choose SiC to pledge material way develops. Nitrogen changes the carbonization silica brick that silicon combines to had been applied. Nitrogen changes the carbonization silica brick that silicon combines, its have exceedingly good high temperature mechanical function, thermal conductivity is good, in inside easy form condensation broken bits; Resistor rate is old, cut down parietal electric current to lose; Material is oxidized not easily; does not have reaction; machine with the fuse-element such as aluminous fluid, cryolite intensity is high, still can reduce line brick thickness greatly, add the dimension of electrobath, stabilize an operation. Ply of the side wall when using charcoal brick so for example makes an appointment with 200~400mm, ply of the side wall after Zuo changes the carbonization silica brick that silicon combines with nitrogen wants 75 Mm only.
2, the barrier layer below bottom land
In electroanalysis in aluminous production, the steam of Na and NaF and material of cathode of bottom land of course of fluid physical ability are entered below thermal insulation. Thermal insulation enters the postheat conductance such as NaF to add, electrobath thermal efficiency is reduced, exercise state is exasperate, till groove child damaged. Below cathode material " barrier layer " be in namely cathode places between fireproof material and insulation material can the data that obstruct electrolyte permeates, have crackajack heat preservation function again. A kind new-style " barrier layer " material dry type prevented ooze makings to get be applyinged very well now.
3, fusion furnace and holding furnace use fireproof data
Primary aluminium ingot and useless aluminium are fused change commonly used fusion furnace to choose the stationary that burns gas or fuel or bend to move type reverberator more with alloy, also have choose furnace of crucible of resistor reverberator, induction. Although the temperature that aluminous fluid and aluminium alloy change inside fusion furnace wants 700〜800 ℃ only, but the magnesium in aluminium and its aluminium alloy, silicon and copper very lively, very easy with fireproof material a few mediumer group yuan of reaction, cause fireproof material damage. Of aluminous fusion furnace corroding attaint mechanism basically is:
Aluminous fluid enters fireproof data easily;
The alloying element in aluminium and its alloy is had to a few oxide very strong recover from an illness ability, and the oxidation that produces is reductive and resonant if magnesium has very high vapour pressure,be a few alloying element of; of strong exothermic reaction, its steam enters fireproof data more easily than aluminous fluid, and after entering fireproof data, be oxidized again subsequently, bring about fireproof material qualitative change, structure eventually loose with attaint;
In the fusion process of large frit aluminous furnace, because add aluminous ingot and alloy ceaselessly, aluminous ingot reachs alloy piece to reach boiler setting to mouth, hearth touch attack reach wear away very austere;
Aluminous ingot reachs those who add up to bullion to attend, of aluminous fluid pour out of, the wave motion of the temperature inside furnace, cause thermal shock damage to system of fireproof material line.
Aluminous fusion reverberator asks to fight aluminous fluid and magnesian steam with fireproof material enter, have fight goodly wear away and fight thermal shock function to wait. Aluminous fusion reverberator contacts the lining of aluminous fluid, when the build by laying bricks or stones of tall aluminous brick that chooses AI2O3 content to be 80%〜85% commonly builds; fusion tall bullion to belong to aluminium, choose Mo Laishi brick or corundum brick. Old aluminous stuff is abandoned to wait in hearth brae and outfit perishable corrode and tatty place, change the carbonization silica brick that silicon combines with nitrogen. Shed aluminous chamfer and the position such as mouth giving aluminium, aluminous fluid erodes austere, choose the carbonization silica brick that spends silicon couple from union or nitrogen commonly, brick of useful also wrong stone makes liner. Give thing of aluminous mouth block, the fireproof fiber effect that chooses vacuum mould is better. Do not feel the lining of aluminous fluid, choose clay brick, clay to pledge commonly fireproof and pouring expect or fireproof but plastic. Shed the liner of aluminous chamfer, choose carborundum brick commonly, also can choose silica brick of electric frit bubble prefab brick.
Now, as frit aluminous furnace large change, the requirement that aggrandizement exercises, excel in fights aluminium to permeate pouring because makings is had good fight what aluminous fluid reachs magnesian steam to enter a function, have fight goodly wear away and fight thermal shock function to wait got be applyinged very well.
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