One, blast furnace
Blast furnace applies extensively at the thick refine process of the metal such as zinc of copper, lead, lead, antimony.
Blast furnace by this roof, shaft, bed (also weigh guttural mouth) , the composition such as device of crucible, a place with a draught.
Blast furnace sketch map
Smelt charging (mine of concentrate, agglomeration) , coke, flux, turn over the solid stock such as makings, join from roof, the high-pressured air that beats in device of a place with a draught of shaft bottom flank, in the course that takes up, undertake with the stock that be down fused, oxidation, reductive wait for reaction, process of the smelt that finish, liquid state metal, milometer, slag from furnace lower guttural mouth or crucible eduction, flue gas, soot, gaseous metal or metallic oxide export eduction from roof flue gas. It is airtight roof more at present, shaft is complete water to cover, fireproof material is used in guttural mouth and crucible only, because of its slag belongs to alkalescent slag, part of mouth of reason pharynx and larynx basically uses magnesia brick, magnesian chromic brick, aluminous chromic brick; Crucible sidewall and hearth upside use magnesia brick, magnesian chromic brick, aluminous chromic brick; Hearth build by laying bricks or stones is become instead vaulted.
2, reverberator
Temperature of operation of reverberator furnace head is 1400 ～ commonly 1500 ℃ , temperature of flue gas giving heat is 1150 ～ commonly 1200 ℃ . Hearth by fall and go up ordinal it is brick of layer of brick of asbestine board, heat preservation, argillaceous brick layer, magnalium or magnesia brick layer. Boiler setting uses magnalium brick or magnesia brick more, a little significant position all uses build by laying bricks or stones of magnesian chromic brick to build to prolong service life, the wall uses argillaceous brick commonly outside. Roof uses condole to hang type roof, small-sized reverberator roof uses bricky cup one hand in the other before the chest, vault material is magnalium brick character.
Reverberator sketch map
Lead of our country refine (copper) the factory uses traditional agglomeration mostly, flow of blast furnace fusion, because it is existing the following blemish: Combustion of the sulfur in process of A, agglomeration is very inadequate, return makings rate tall; The lead in charging of B, blast furnace (copper) content is low; C, many flue gas pollutes an environment.
Consequently people explores refine lead new technology in effort all the time, its purpose nothing more than two respects:
1, use reaction heat to undertake fusion;
2, replace original much footwork with one footwork craft.
Abroad excogitates Ai Salu successfully (Ao Simai is special furnace) , the furnace of new-style refine lead such as furnace of lead of refine of Luo Fa of card Er much heat, QSL law, Jifusaitefa, all, oxygen boosting and new.
3, Ai Salu (Ao Simai is special furnace)
Body of heater of moxa Sa furnace is look of simple perpendicular type cylinder, its technology core was to use spray gun of combustion of immersion type top-blown, on foundation of research of old small-scale test, moxa Sa smeltery is the refine lead Ai Salu of 5T/H at building a treating capacity 1983.
Process of fusion of moxa Sa of ℃ of 1170~1200 of dissolve pool temperature: Body of heater inserts furnace from inside roof to have the perpendicular cylinder spray gun of fireproof material liner inside, immersion of spray gun head is inside the slaggy layer of bath, the air that smelt craft place wants or oxygen boosting air sends broken bits face the following liquid state through spray gun form in the layer churn strongly the bath of condition, charging is joined from roof fall to be in the bath that churns strongly directly, be reacted by the oxygen of fuse-element of be involved in and inbreathe quickly, charging is fused quickly, build slag and lead (copper) .
Ai Salu sketch map
As a result of lead of Ai Salu refine (copper) craft characteristic is stock mixture time is very short, melt metal, broken bits, sour gas produces intense mix inside furnace, also decided its work environment compares traditional refine lead consequently (copper) the law is slashing much: Lead of A, melt (copper) , slaggy and what acid enrages pair of fireproof lining is intense erode; B, Chong is eroded to the chemistry of fireproof lining, permeate; C, thermal stress is destroyed.
Accordingly, lead of moxa Sa furnace (copper) fireproof material lining must have smelt the following and admirable performance characteristics, ability achieves the goal such as furnace kiln long life, efficient, low cost: A, have strength of compression of higher normal temperature, high temperature, inferior porosity is mixed with counteractive stock of melt metal, broken bits erode; B, with high pure raw material is made, low frit content is very few in the product, can resist effectively environment and lining happening chemistry react and metamorphism is marred and raise impervious to appear a gender; C, have good thermal shock to stabilize function, be heated stress (the strain crack that temperature change produces is slight) .
4, card Er much heat
The main factor that card Er much heat mars with fireproof material and the requirement to fireproof material and moxa Sa furnace (Ao Simai is special furnace) identical.
Card Er much heat says oxygen is inclined again blow converter, because body of heater tilts and rotate, increased the contact of liquid state metal and liquid state broken bits, improved reaction efficiency. Because body of heater rotates, be heated of body of heater is even, erode even, be helpful for prolonging furnace life.
Because used oxygen, fusion and blowing undertake inside same furnace, reason aggrandizement fusion process, shortened flow, and chroma of the SO2 in raising flue gas.
Choose appearance of the chamber inside furnace and dimension correctly, the success that to Kaerduo chemistry of furnace smelt process reacts, reduce splash, reduce hearth to erode, make reaching installation to go to the lavatory is very important.
Blowing undertakes in the high temperature that in 1100 ～ 1300 ℃ control, it is the furnace life with assure certain so, the lining capable person with beard reasonable option is qualitative, decide rigid step builds a method.
Block sketch map of Er much heat
Design liner to answer to reach the fireproof stuff that basically eats action to choose different ply, different capable person to pledge according to the working environment of each place originally, in order to achieve reasonable configuration, reduce cost; But erode speed to be compared on average considering what block Er much heat fast (life 2 ～ 3 months) , the standardization that builds management for spot build by laying bricks or stones and convenient reach international to standardize a trend, use the design with same ply, same qualitative capable person, reduce a brick model. If need to just have a demand additionally, can press need to just ask to design.
5, aerobic bottom blows furnace
1, QLS law
QLS law finishs oxidation and reductive reaction inside same reactor, its react the process is divided actually for two paces. The design configuration of liner is direct the life that matters to furnace; The design configuration of liner includes two fields: It is affirmatory and reasonable construction and dimension; 2 it is to choose fireproof material correctly. QLS law has silver only in our country, lining ply 350mm, bath upside chooses electric frit half recombine magnesium chromic brick; Bath bottom chooses electric frit recombine LDMGe of magnesian chromic brick - 26.
Aerobic bottom blows furnace sketch map
2, air base blows furnace of lead of oxygen boosting refine
Aerobic bottom blows furnace of lead of oxygen boosting refine is a level cylindrical reaction furnace. Bath upside chooses LZMGe of chromic brick of direct union magnesium - 18; Bath bottom chooses electric frit LDMGe of half recombine magnesium chromic brick - 18. Or choose electric frit entirely LDMGe of half recombine magnesium chromic brick - 18. Total dosage makes an appointment with 160 tons.
6, volatilize kiln
Volatilize kiln is processing soak broken bits, reclaim the rotary kiln of the metal having price such as Zn, Pb, In, Ge.
Volatilize the body of build by laying bricks or stones that the characteristic of kiln is kiln follows kiln carapace to turn together below high temperature, be in for a long time shake condition, charging bears even in the meantime wear away and strike action; Its are fireproof of material mar main show to be:
(1) of melt slag, metal erode.
(2) mechanical wear.
(3) high temperature action, the temperature that discontinuous reaction takes in kiln is as high as 1300 ～ 1500 ℃ .
So belt of discontinuous in kiln reaction basically chooses brick of aluminous chromic broken bits or magnalium chromic brick to extend kiln line in order to achieve the purpose of service life.
Volatilize kiln sketch map
The characteristic of magnalium chromic brick is:
It is to be in what big grain joins when production to synthesize pointed brilliant stone beforehand, use what all sorts of mineral high temperature fall to expand abhorrent sex makes its interior produces micro-crack, increase stability of goods thermal shock thereby;
2 it is chromic Fe2O3 is contained in mine, fe2O3 diffuses to the middle of MgO, strengthened the direct tie of square magnesian stone and magnalium pointed spar, the union between stimulative grain and matrix, increased the high temperature strength of material;
3 it is to join chromite, among them Cr2O3 and Al2O3, MgO fashions successive solid solution, improved data send density and wearability.
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